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Haptic Intelligence Members Publications

Dynamic Models and Wearable Tactile Devices for the Fingertips

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Dynamic analysis of the human fingertip and a wearable vibrotactile device partially inspired by these analyses. (a) DigiTip, our high-fidelity finite element model of the fingertip. (b) The first seven free vibration modes predicted by DigiTip. (c) A wearable haptic device created from a thin silicone finger sheath with an embedded magnet for delivering vibrotactile feedback.

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Haptic Intelligence
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Publications

Haptic Intelligence Article Generating Clear Vibrotactile Cues with a Magnet Embedded in a Soft Finger Sheath Gertler, I., Serhat, G., Kuchenbecker, K. J. Soft Robotics, 10(3):624-635, June 2023 (Published)
Haptic displays act on the user's body to stimulate the sense of touch and enrich applications from gaming and computer-aided design to rehabilitation and remote surgery. However, when crafted from typical rigid robotic components, they tend to be heavy, bulky, and expensive, while sleeker designs often struggle to create clear haptic cues. This article introduces a lightweight wearable silicone finger sheath that can deliver salient and rich vibrotactile cues using electromagnetic actuation. We fabricate the sheath on a ferromagnetic mandrel with a process based on dip molding, a robust fabrication method that is rarely used in soft robotics but is suitable for commercial production. A miniature rare-earth magnet embedded within the silicone layers at the center of the finger pad is driven to vibrate by the application of alternating current to a nearby air-coil. Experiments are conducted to determine the amplitude of the magnetic force and the frequency response function for the displacement amplitude of the magnet perpendicular to the skin. In addition, high-fidelity finite element analyses of the finger wearing the device are performed to investigate the trends observed in the measurements. The experimental and simulated results show consistent dynamic behavior from 10 to 1000 Hz, with the displacement decreasing after about 300 Hz. These results match the detection threshold profile obtained in a psychophysical study performed by 17 users, where more current was needed only at the highest frequency. A cue identification experiment and a demonstration in virtual reality validate the feasibility of this approach to fingertip haptics.
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Haptic Intelligence Article Free and Forced Vibration Modes of the Human Fingertip Serhat, G., Kuchenbecker, K. J. Applied Sciences, 11(12):5709, June 2021 (Published)
Computational analysis of free and forced vibration responses provides crucial information on the dynamic characteristics of deformable bodies. Although such numerical techniques are prevalently used in many disciplines, they have been underutilized in the quest to understand the form and function of human fingers. We addressed this opportunity by building DigiTip, a detailed three-dimensional finite element model of a representative human fingertip that is based on prior anatomical and biomechanical studies. Using the developed model, we first performed modal analyses to determine the free vibration modes with associated frequencies up to about 250 Hz, the frequency at which humans are most sensitive to vibratory stimuli on the fingertip. The modal analysis results reveal that this typical human fingertip exhibits seven characteristic vibration patterns in the considered frequency range. Subsequently, we applied distributed harmonic forces at the fingerprint centroid in three principal directions to predict forced vibration responses through frequency-response analyses; these simulations demonstrate that certain vibration modes are excited significantly more efficiently than the others under the investigated conditions. The results illuminate the dynamic behavior of the human fingertip in haptic interactions involving oscillating stimuli, such as textures and vibratory alerts, and they show how the modal information can predict the forced vibration responses of the soft tissue.
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