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Haptic Intelligence Members Publications

Immersive VR for Phantom Limb Pain

Vr plp
The right inset shows a lower-limb amputee using an early version of the created system. He wears an immersive VR headset and motion-tracking sensors on the upper and lower segments of both legs. The larger image shows his view of the virtual world, including the game scene and two intact legs that track the motions of his real legs.

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Haptic Intelligence
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Publications

Haptic Intelligence Article Virtual Reality Treatment Displaying the Missing Leg Improves Phantom Limb Pain: A Small Clinical Trial Ambron, E., Buxbaum, L. J., Miller, A., Stoll, H., Kuchenbecker, K. J., Coslett, H. B. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 35(12):1100-1111, December 2021 (Published)
Background: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a common and in some cases debilitating consequence of upper- or lower-limb amputation for which current treatments are inadequate. Objective: This small clinical trial tested whether game-like interactions with immersive VR activities can reduce PLP in subjects with transtibial lower-limb amputation. Methods: Seven participants attended 5–7 sessions in which they engaged in a visually immersive virtual reality experience that did not require leg movements (Cool! TM), followed by 10–12 sessions of targeted lower-limb VR treatment consisting of custom games requiring leg movement. In the latter condition, they controlled an avatar with 2 intact legs viewed in a head-mounted display (HTC Vive TM). A motion-tracking system mounted on the intact and residual limbs controlled the movements of both virtual extremities independently. Results: All participants except one experienced a reduction of pain immediately after VR sessions, and their pre session pain levels also decreased over the course of the study. At a group level, PLP decreased by 28% after the treatment that did not include leg movements and 39.6% after the games requiring leg motions. Both treatments were successful in reducing PLP. Conclusions: This VR intervention appears to be an efficacious treatment for PLP in subjects with lower-limb amputation.
DOI BibTeX

Haptic Intelligence Article Immersive Low-Cost Virtual Reality Treatment for Phantom Limb Pain: Evidence from Two Cases Ambron, E., Miller, A., Kuchenbecker, K. J., Buxbaum, L. J., Coslett, H. B. Frontiers in Neurology, 9(67):1-7, February 2018 (Published) DOI BibTeX