Publications

Physical Intelligence Ph.D. Thesis Active Cargo Delivery Using Microorganism-powered Microswimmers Akolpoglu, M. B. November 2023 (Published) DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Magnetically assisted soft milli-tools for occluded lumen morphology detection Yan, Y., Wang, T., Zhang, R., Liu, Y., Hu, W., Sitti, M. Science Advances, 9(33):eadi3979, August 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Reconfigurable Innervation of Modular Soft Machines via Soft, Sticky, and Instant Electronic Adhesive Interlocking Yoon, J., Byun, J., Park, M., Kim, H., Kim, W., Yoon, J., Cho, K., Hong, Y. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 5(8), August 2023 (Published) DOI URL BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Swarming magnetic surface microrollers enable directed locomotion in circular confinements Bozuyuk, U., Han, M., Sitti, M. Research Square, July 2023 BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Avian-Inspired Perching Mechanism for Jumping Robots Kim, H., Woodward, M. A., Sitti, M. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 5(6), June 2023 (Published) DOI URL BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Electrodeposited Superhydrophilic-Superhydrophobic Composites for Untethered Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Soft Millirobots Zheng, Z., Han, J., Demir, S. O., Wang, H., Jiang, W., Liu, H., Sitti, M. Advanced Science, 2302409, June 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article In situ sensing physiological properties of biological tissues using wireless miniature soft robots Wang, C., Wu, Y., Dong, X., Armacki, M., Sitti, M. Science advances, 9(23):eadg3988, June 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Liquid Metal Actuators: A Comparative Analysis of Surface Tension Controlled Actuation Liao, J., Majidi, C., Sitti, M. Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), e2300560-e2300560, June 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Microrobotic Locomotion in Blood Vessels: A Computational Study on the Performance of Surface Microrollers in the Cardiovascular System Bozuyuk, U., Ozturk, H., Sitti, M. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2300099, June 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Pangolin-inspired untethered magnetic robot for on-demand biomedical heating applications Soon, R. H., Yin, Z., Dogan, M. A., Dogan, N. O., Tiryaki, M. E., Karacakol, A. C., Aydin, A., Esmaeili-Dokht, P., Sitti, M. Nature Communications, 14(1):3320, June 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Programmable self-organization of heterogeneous microrobot collectives Ceron, S., Gardi, G., Petersen, K., Sitti, M. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(24):e2221913120, June 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article The mismatch between experimental and computational fluid dynamics analyses for magnetic surface microrollers Bozuyuk, U., Ozturk, H., Sitti, M. Scientific Reports, 13(1):10196, June 2023 DOI BibTeX

Robotic Materials Physical Intelligence Bioinspired Autonomous Miniature Robots Article A Versatile Jellyfish-Like Robotic Platform for Effective Underwater Propulsion and Manipulation Wang, T., Joo, H., Song, S., Hu, W., Keplinger, C., Sitti, M. Science Advances, 9(15), American Association for the Advancement of Science, April 2023, Tianlu Wang and Hyeong-Joon Joo contributed equally to this work. (Published)

Abstract ›

Underwater devices are critical for environmental applications. However, existing prototypes typically use bulky, noisy actuators and limited configurations. Consequently, they struggle to ensure noise-free and gentle interactions with underwater species when realizing practical functions. Therefore, we developed a jellyfish-like robotic platform enabled by a synergy of electrohydraulic actuators and a hybrid structure of rigid and soft components. Our 16-cm-diameter noise-free prototype could control the fluid flow to propel while manipulating objects to be kept beneath its body without physical contact, thereby enabling safer interactions. Its against-gravity speed was up to 6.1 cm/s, substantially quicker than other examples in literature, while only requiring a low input power of around 100 mW. Moreover, using the platform, we demonstrated contact-based object manipulation, fluidic mixing, shape adaptation, steering, wireless swimming, and cooperation of two to three robots. This study introduces a versatile jellyfish-like robotic platform with a wide range of functions for diverse applications.

YouTube video DOI URL BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Hygroscopic Materials Guo, S., De Wolf, S., Sitti, M., Serre, C., Tan, S. C. Advanced Materials, 36(12), Wiley, Weinheim, March 2023 (Published) DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article 3D-printed micrometer-scale wireless magnetic cilia with metachronal programmability Zhang, S., Hu, X., Li, M., Bozuyuk, U., Zhang, R., Suadiye, E., Han, J., Wang, F., Onck, P., Sitti, M. Science Advances, 9(12), 2023 (Published) DOI URL BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Patent A Liquid Repellent Fibrillar Dry Adhesive Material and a Method of Producing the Same Sitti, M., Drotlef, D., Liimatainen, V. 2023, US Patent App. 17/785,452 BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article A ferroelectric/ferroelastic energy harvester: Load impedance and frequency effects Kang, W., Cain, C., Paynter, R., Huber, J. E. Energy Conversion and Management, 277, 2023 (Published) DOI URL BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Acoustic Streaming-Induced Multimodal Locomotion of Bubble-Based Microrobots Mahkam, N., Aghakhani, A., Sheehan, D., Gardi, G., Katzschmann, R., Sitti, M. Advanced Science, 10(35):2304233, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Acoustic Trapping and Manipulation of Hollow Microparticles under Fluid Flow Using a Single-Lens Focused Ultrasound Transducer Wrede, P., Aghakhani, A., Bozuyuk, U., Yildiz, E., Sitti, M. ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces, 15(45):52224-52236, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Active Tail Configurations for Enhanced Body Reorientation Performance Kim, H., Woodward, M. A., Sitti, M. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 5(2):2200219, 2023 (Published) DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Actuation-enhanced multifunctional sensing and information recognition by magnetic artificial cilia arrays Han, J., Dong, X., Yin, Z., Zhang, S., Li, M., Zheng, Z., Ugurlu, M. C., Jiang, W., Liu, H., Sitti, M. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(42):e2308301120, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Bio-inspired rotary flight of light-driven nanocomposite films Wang, D., Chen, Z., Li, M., Hou, Z., Zhan, C., Zheng, Q., Wang, D., Wang, X., Cheng, M., Hu, W., Sitti, M., others, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Bioinspired microstructured adhesives with facile and fast switchability for part manipulation in dry and wet conditions Pang, C., Kim, J., Wu, Y., Wang, M. Y., Yu, H., Sitti, M. Advanced Functional Materials, 33(38):2303116, 2023 (Published) DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Bioinspired rotary flight of light-driven composite films Wang, D., Chen, Z., Li, M., Hou, Z., Zhan, C., Zheng, Q., Wang, D., Wang, X., Cheng, M., Hu, W., others, Nature Communications, 14(1):5070, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Bioinspired self-assembled colloidal collectives drifting in three dimensions underwater Sun, M., Yang, S., Jiang, J., Jiang, S., Sitti, M., Zhang, L. Science Advances, 9(45):eadj4201, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Broad-Wavelength Light-Driven High-Speed Hybrid Crystal Actuators Actuated Inside Tissue-Like Phantoms Kim, D. W., Hagiwara, Y., Hasebe, S., Dogan, N. O., Zhang, M., Asahi, T., Koshima, H., Sitti, M. Advanced Functional Materials, 33(47):2305916, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Patent Carrier, use of a carrier, method of activating a carrier and method of making a carrier Drotlef, D., Sitti, M., Amjadi, M. 2023, US Patent App. 16/500,442 BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymeric Coatings for Colorful Artificial Muscles and Motile Humidity Sensor Skin Integrated with Magnetic Composites Feng, W., Pal, A., Wang, T., Ren, Z., Yan, Y., Lu, Y., Yang, H., Sitti, M. Advanced Functional Materials, 33(23), 2023 (Published) DOI URL BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Deployable Soft Origami Modular Robotic Arm With Variable Stiffness Using Facet Buckling Park, M., Kim, W., Yu, S., Cho, J., Kang, W., Byun, J., Jeong, U., Cho, K. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 8(2):864-871, 2023 (Published) DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Design and build of small-scale magnetic soft-bodied robots with multimodal locomotion Ren, Z., Sitti, M. Nature Protocols, 19(2):441-486, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Designing Covalent Organic Framework-based Light-driven Microswimmers towards Intraocular Theranostic Applications Sridhar, V., Yildiz, E., Rodrı́guez-Camargo, A., Lyu, X., Yao, L., Wrede, P., Aghakhani, A., Akolpoglu, M. B., Podjaski, F., Lotsch, B. V., Sitti, M. Advanced Materials, 35(25), 2023 (Published)

Abstract ›

While micromachines with tailored functionalities enable therapeutic applications in biological environments, their controlled motion and targeted drug delivery in biological media require sophisticated designs for practical applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new generation of crystalline and nanoporous polymers, offer new perspectives for light-driven microswimmers in heterogeneous biological environments including intraocular fluids, thus setting the stage for biomedical applications such as retinal drug delivery. Two different types of COFs, uniformly spherical TABP-PDA-COF sub-micrometer particles and texturally nanoporous, micrometer-sized TpAzo-COF particles are described and compared as light-driven microrobots. They can be used as highly efficient visible-light-driven drug carriers in aqueous ionic and cellular media. Their absorption ranging down to red light enables phototaxis even in deeper and viscous biological media, while the organic nature of COFs ensures their biocompatibility. Their inherently porous structures with ≈2.6 and ≈3.4 nm pores, and large surface areas allow for targeted and efficient drug loading even for insoluble drugs, which can be released on demand. Additionally, indocyanine green (ICG) dye loading in the pores enables photoacoustic imaging, optical coherence tomography, and hyperthermia in operando conditions. This real-time visualization of the drug-loaded COF microswimmers enables unique insights into the action of photoactive porous drug carriers for therapeutic applications.

DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Patent Dry adhesives and methods for making dry adhesives M Sitti, M. M. B. A. 2023, US Patent 11,773,298, 2023 BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Hydrogel muscles powering reconfigurable micro-metastructures with wide-spectrum programmability Zhang, M., Pal, A., Zheng, Z., Gardi, G., Yildiz, E., Sitti, M. Nature Materials, 22(10):1243-1252, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Integrated mechanologics for autonomous soft machines Pal, A., Byun, J., Ko, J., Sitti, M. Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 2023 BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Liquid Metal Microdroplet-Initiated Ultra-Fast Polymerization of a Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel Composite Zhang, J., Liao, J., Liu, Z., Zhang, R., Sitti, M. Advanced Functional Materials, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article MRI-powered Magnetic Miniature Capsule Robot with HIFU-controlled On-demand Drug Delivery Tiryaki, M. E., Dogangun, F., Dayan, C. B., Wrede, P., Sitti, M. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.07197, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Machine Learning-Based Shear Optimal Adhesive Microstructures with Experimental Validation Dayan, C. B., Son, D., Aghakhani, A., Wu, Y., Demir, S. O., Sitti, M. Small, 2304437, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Magnetic Putty as A Reconfigurable, Recyclable, And Accessible Soft Robotic Material Li, M., Pal, A., Byun, J., Gardi, G., Sitti, M. Advanced Materials, 2304825, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Magnetic guidewire steering at ultrahigh magnetic fields Tiryaki, M. E., Elmacıoğlu, Y. G., Sitti, M. Science Advances, 9(17):eadg6438, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Patent Magnetic trap system and method of navigating a microscopic device Son, D., Ugurlu, M., Bluemer, P., Sitti, M. 2023, US Patent App. 17/871,598 BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Patent Method of fabricating a magnetic deformable machine and deformable 3D magnetic machine Zhang, J., Ren, Z., Hu, W., Sitti, M. 2023, US Patent App. 18/020,161 BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Micro-and nanofabrication of dynamic hydrogels with multichannel information Zhang, M., Lee, Y., Zheng, Z., Khan, M. T. A., Lyu, X., Byun, J., Giessen, H., Sitti, M. Nature Communications, 14(1):8208, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Patent Microfibers with mushroom-shaped tips for optimal adhesion Sitti, M., Aksak, B. 2023, US Patent 11,613,674 BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Microrobotic Locomotion in Blood Vessels: A Computational Study on the Performance of Surface Microrollers in the Cardiovascular System Bozuyuk, U., Ozturk, H., Sitti, M. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 5(9):2300099, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article On-demand breaking of action-reaction reciprocity between magnetic microdisks using global stimuli Gardi, G., Sitti, M. Physical Review Letters, 131(5):058301, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Programmable mechanical devices through magnetically tunable bistable elements Pal, A., Sitti, M. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(15):e2212489120, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Patent Simultaneous calibration method for magnetic localization and actuation systems Sitti, M., Son, D., Dong, X. 2023, US Patent 11,717,142 BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Size-Dependent Locomotion Ability of Surface Microrollers on Physiologically Relevant Microtopographical Surfaces Bozuyuk, U., Yildiz, E., Han, M., Demir, S. O., Sitti, M. Small, 19(47):2303396, 2023 DOI BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Patent Tube-shaped robotic device with anisotropic surface structure Wang, T., Hu, W., Sitti, M. 2023, US Patent App. 18/133,104 BibTeX

Physical Intelligence Article Entropy by neighbor distance as a new measure for characterizing spatiotemporal orders in microscopic collective systems Fu, Y., Wu, Z., Zhan, S., Yang, J., Gardi, G., Kishore, V., Malgaretti, P., Wang, W. Micromachines, 14(8):1503, MDPI, 2023 (Published) BibTeX

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