@article{colmenares2020bio,
  title = {Bio-inspired Flexible Twisting Wings Increase Lift and Efficiency of a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.11586},
  abstract = {We investigate the effect of wing twist flexibility on lift and efficiency of a flapping-wing micro air vehicle capable of
  liftoff. Wings used previously were chosen to be fully rigid due to modeling and fabrication constraints. However,
  biological wings are highly flexible and other micro air vehicles have successfully utilized flexible wing structures for
  specialized tasks. The goal of our study is to determine if dynamic twisting of flexible wings can increase overall
  aerodynamic lift and efficiency. A flexible twisting wing design was found to increase aerodynamic efficiency by
  41.3%, translational lift production by 35.3%, and the effective lift coefficient by 63.7% compared to the rigid-wing
  design. These results exceed the predictions of quasi-steady blade element models, indicating the need for unsteady
  computational fluid dynamics simulations of twisted flapping wings.},
  year = {2020},
  slug = {colmenares2020bio},
  author = {Colmenares, David and Kania, Randall and Zhang, Wang and Sitti, Metin}
}