Existing stretchable, transparent conductors are mostly electronic conductors. They limit the performance of interconnects, sensors, and actuators as components of stretchable electronics and soft machines. We describe a class of devices enabled by ionic conductors that are highly stretchable, fully transparent to light of all colors, and capable of operation at frequencies beyond 10 kilohertz and voltages above 10 kilovolts. We demonstrate a transparent actuator that can generate large strains and a transparent loudspeaker that produces sound over the entire audible range. The electromechanical transduction is achieved without electrochemical reaction. The ionic conductors have higher resistivity than many electronic conductors; however, when large stretchability and high transmittance are required, the ionic conductors have lower sheet resistance than all existing electronic conductors.
| Author(s): | Christoph Keplinger and Jeong-Yun Sun and Choon Chiang Foo and Philipp Rothemund and George M. Whitesides and Zhigang Suo |
| Journal: | Science |
| Volume: | 341 |
| Number (issue): | 6149 |
| Pages: | 984--987 |
| Year: | 2013 |
| Bibtex Type: | Article (article) |
| DOI: | 10.1126/science.1240228 |
| Electronic Archiving: | grant_archive |
| Note: | Christoph Keplinger and Jeong-Yun Sun contributed equally to this publication |
BibTex
@article{Keplinger13-SCI-Ionic,
title = {Stretchable, Transparent, Ionic Conductors},
journal = {Science},
abstract = {Existing stretchable, transparent conductors are mostly electronic conductors. They limit the performance of interconnects, sensors, and actuators as components of stretchable electronics and soft machines. We describe a class of devices enabled by ionic conductors that are highly stretchable, fully transparent to light of all colors, and capable of operation at frequencies beyond 10 kilohertz and voltages above 10 kilovolts. We demonstrate a transparent actuator that can generate large strains and a transparent loudspeaker that produces sound over the entire audible range. The electromechanical transduction is achieved without electrochemical reaction. The ionic conductors have higher resistivity than many electronic conductors; however, when large stretchability and high transmittance are required, the ionic conductors have lower sheet resistance than all existing electronic conductors.},
volume = {341},
number = {6149},
pages = {984--987},
year = {2013},
note = {Christoph Keplinger and Jeong-Yun Sun contributed equally to this publication},
slug = {keplinger13-sci-ionic},
author = {Keplinger, Christoph and Sun, Jeong-Yun and Foo, Choon Chiang and Rothemund, Philipp and Whitesides, George M. and Suo, Zhigang}
}