@inproceedings{Balduzzi2011,
  title = {Detecting emergent processes in cellular automata with excess information},
  booktitle = {Advances in Artificial Life: ECAL 2011},
  abstract = {Many natural processes occur over characteristic spatial and
  temporal scales. This paper presents tools for (i) flexibly and scalably coarse-graining cellular automata and (ii) identifying which coarse-grainings express an automaton’s dynamics well, and which express its dynamics badly. We apply the tools to investigate a range of examples in Conway’s Game of Life and Hopfield networks and demonstrate that they capture some basic intuitions about emergent processes. Finally, we formalize the notion that a process is emergent if it is better expressed at a coarser granularity.},
  pages = {55-62},
  editors = {Lenaerts, T. , M. Giacobini, H. Bersini, P. Bourgine, M. Dorigo, R. Doursat},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
  month = aug,
  year = {2011},
  slug = {balduzzi2011},
  author = {Balduzzi, D.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}