Publications | Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

ei Sakenyte, U. Denoising Representation Learning for Causal Discovery Université de Genèva, Switzerland, December 2023, external supervision (mastersthesis)

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Efficient Sampling from Differentiable Matrix Elements

Kofler, A.

Technical University of Munich, Germany, September 2023 (mastersthesis)

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ei Kofler, A. Efficient Sampling from Differentiable Matrix Elements Technical University of Munich, Germany, September 2023 (mastersthesis)

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Intrinsic complexity and mechanisms of expressivity of cortical neurons

Spieler, A. M.

University of Tübingen, Germany, March 2023 (mastersthesis)

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ei Spieler, A. M. Intrinsic complexity and mechanisms of expressivity of cortical neurons University of Tübingen, Germany, March 2023 (mastersthesis)

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CausalEffect Estimation by Combining Observational and Interventional Data

Kladny, K.

ETH Zurich, Switzerland, February 2023 (mastersthesis)

lds ei

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lds ei Kladny, K. CausalEffect Estimation by Combining Observational and Interventional Data ETH Zurich, Switzerland, February 2023 (mastersthesis)

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Towards Generative Machine Teaching

Qui, Z.

Technical University of Munich, Germany, February 2023 (mastersthesis)

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ei Qui, Z. Towards Generative Machine Teaching Technical University of Munich, Germany, February 2023 (mastersthesis)

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ArchiSound: Audio Generation with Diffusion

Schneider, F.

ETH Zurich, Switzerland, January 2023, external supervision (mastersthesis)

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ei Schneider, F. ArchiSound: Audio Generation with Diffusion ETH Zurich, Switzerland, January 2023, external supervision (mastersthesis)

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Generation and Quantification of Spin in Robot Table Tennis

Dittrich, A.

University of Stuttgart, Germany, January 2023 (mastersthesis)

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ei Dittrich, A. Generation and Quantification of Spin in Robot Table Tennis University of Stuttgart, Germany, January 2023 (mastersthesis)

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Natural Language Processing for Policymaking

Jin, Z., Mihalcea, R.

In Handbook of Computational Social Science for Policy, pages: 141-162, 7, (Editors: Bertoni, E. and Fontana, M. and Gabrielli, L. and Signorelli, S. and Vespe, M.), Springer International Publishing, 2023 (inbook)

DOI [BibTex]

ei Jin, Z., Mihalcea, R. Natural Language Processing for Policymaking In Handbook of Computational Social Science for Policy, pages: 141-162, 7, (Editors: Bertoni, E. and Fontana, M. and Gabrielli, L. and Signorelli, S. and Vespe, M.), Springer International Publishing, 2023 (inbook)

DOI [BibTex]

2022

Magnetic Micro-/Nanopropellers for Biomedicine

Qiu, T., Jeong, M., Goyal, R., Kadiri, V., Sachs, J., Fischer, P.

In Field-Driven Micro and Nanorobots for Biology and Medicine, pages: 389-410, 16, (Editors: Sun, Y. and Wang, X. and Yu, J.), Springer, Cham, 2022 (inbook)

Abstract

In nature, many bacteria swim by rotating their helical flagella. A particularly promising class of artificial micro- and nano-robots mimic this propeller-like propulsion mechanism to move through fluids and tissues for applications in minimally-invasive medicine. Several fundamental challenges have to be overcome in order to build micro-machines that move similar to bacteria for in vivo applications. Here, we review recent advances of magnetically-powered micro-/nano-propellers. Four important aspects of the propellers – the geometrical shape, the fabrication method, the generation of magnetic fields for actuation, and the choice of biocompatible magnetic materials – are highlighted. First, the fundamental requirements are elucidated that arise due to hydrodynamics at low Reynolds (Re) number. We discuss the role that the propellers’ shape and symmetry play in realizing effective propulsion at low Re. Second, the additive nano-fabrication method Glancing Angle Deposition is discussed as a versatile technique to quickly grow large numbers of designer nano-helices. Third, systems to generate rotating magnetic fields via permanent magnets or electromagnetic coils are presented. And finally, the biocompatibility of the magnetic materials is discussed. Iron-platinum is highlighted due to its biocompatibility and its superior magnetic properties, which is promising for targeted delivery, minimally-invasive magnetic nano-devices and biomedical applications.

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

2022

pf Qiu, T., Jeong, M., Goyal, R., Kadiri, V., Sachs, J., Fischer, P. Magnetic Micro-/Nanopropellers for Biomedicine In Field-Driven Micro and Nanorobots for Biology and Medicine, pages: 389-410, 16, (Editors: Sun, Y. and Wang, X. and Yu, J.), Springer, Cham, 2022 (inbook)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

Life Improvement Science

Lieder, F., Prentice, M.

In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, Springer, November 2022 (inbook)

DOI [BibTex]

re Lieder, F., Prentice, M. Life Improvement Science In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, Springer, November 2022 (inbook)

DOI [BibTex]

Investigating Independent Mechanisms in Neural Networks

Liang, W.

Université Paris-Saclay, France, October 2022 (mastersthesis)

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ei Liang, W. Investigating Independent Mechanisms in Neural Networks Université Paris-Saclay, France, October 2022 (mastersthesis)

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Modeling subgroup differences in fMRI data: disentangling subgroup-specific responses from shared ones

Keidar, D.

ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2022 (mastersthesis)

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ei Keidar, D. Modeling subgroup differences in fMRI data: disentangling subgroup-specific responses from shared ones ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2022 (mastersthesis)

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Causality, causal digital twins, and their applications

Schölkopf, B.

Machine Learning for Science: Bridging Data-Driven and Mechanistic Modelling (Dagstuhl Seminar 22382), (Editors: Berens, Philipp and Cranmer, Kyle and Lawrence, Neil D. and von Luxburg, Ulrike and Montgomery, Jessica), September 2022 (talk)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

ei Schölkopf, B. Causality, causal digital twins, and their applications Machine Learning for Science: Bridging Data-Driven and Mechanistic Modelling (Dagstuhl Seminar 22382), (Editors: Berens, Philipp and Cranmer, Kyle and Lawrence, Neil D. and von Luxburg, Ulrike and Montgomery, Jessica), September 2022 (talk)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

Multi-Target Multi-Object Manipulation using Relational Deep Reinforcement Learning

Feil, M.

Technnical University Munich, Germany, September 2022 (mastersthesis)

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ei Feil, M. Multi-Target Multi-Object Manipulation using Relational Deep Reinforcement Learning Technnical University Munich, Germany, September 2022 (mastersthesis)

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Independent Mechanism Analysis for High Dimensions

Sliwa, J.

University of Tübingen, Germany, September 2022, (Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience) (mastersthesis)

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ei Sliwa, J. Independent Mechanism Analysis for High Dimensions University of Tübingen, Germany, September 2022, (Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience) (mastersthesis)

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On the Adversarial Robustness of Causal Algorithmic Recourse

Dominguez-Olmedo, R.

University of Tübingen, Germany, August 2022 (mastersthesis)

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ei Dominguez-Olmedo, R. On the Adversarial Robustness of Causal Algorithmic Recourse University of Tübingen, Germany, August 2022 (mastersthesis)

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Independent Mechanism Analysis in High-Dimensional Observation Spaces

Ghosh, S.

ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 2022 (mastersthesis)

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ei Ghosh, S. Independent Mechanism Analysis in High-Dimensional Observation Spaces ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 2022 (mastersthesis)

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Causal Models for Dynamical Systems

Peters, J., Bauer, S., Pfister, N.

In Probabilistic and Causal Inference: The Works of Judea Pearl, pages: 671-690, 1, Association for Computing Machinery, 2022 (inbook)

arXiv DOI [BibTex]

ei Peters, J., Bauer, S., Pfister, N. Causal Models for Dynamical Systems In Probabilistic and Causal Inference: The Works of Judea Pearl, pages: 671-690, 1, Association for Computing Machinery, 2022 (inbook)

arXiv DOI [BibTex]

Towards Causal Algorithmic Recourse

Karimi, A. H., von Kügelgen, J., Schölkopf, B., Valera, I.

In xxAI - Beyond Explainable AI: International Workshop, Held in Conjunction with ICML 2020, July 18, 2020, Vienna, Austria, Revised and Extended Papers, pages: 139-166, (Editors: Holzinger, Andreas and Goebel, Randy and Fong, Ruth and Moon, Taesup and Müller, Klaus-Robert and Samek, Wojciech), Springer International Publishing, 2022 (inbook)

ei plg

DOI [BibTex]

ei plg Karimi, A. H., von Kügelgen, J., Schölkopf, B., Valera, I. Towards Causal Algorithmic Recourse In xxAI - Beyond Explainable AI: International Workshop, Held in Conjunction with ICML 2020, July 18, 2020, Vienna, Austria, Revised and Extended Papers, pages: 139-166, (Editors: Holzinger, Andreas and Goebel, Randy and Fong, Ruth and Moon, Taesup and Müller, Klaus-Robert and Samek, Wojciech), Springer International Publishing, 2022 (inbook)

DOI [BibTex]

CLEVR-X: A Visual Reasoning Dataset for Natural Language Explanations

Salewski, L., Koepke, A. S., Lensch, H. P. A., Akata, Z.

In xxAI - Beyond Explainable AI: International Workshop, Held in Conjunction with ICML 2020, July 18, 2020, Vienna, Austria, Revised and Extended Papers, pages: 69-88, (Editors: Holzinger, Andreas and Goebel, Randy and Fong, Ruth and Moon, Taesup and Müller, Klaus-Robert and Samek, Wojciech), Springer International Publishing, 2022 (inbook)

DOI [BibTex]

ei Salewski, L., Koepke, A. S., Lensch, H. P. A., Akata, Z. CLEVR-X: A Visual Reasoning Dataset for Natural Language Explanations In xxAI - Beyond Explainable AI: International Workshop, Held in Conjunction with ICML 2020, July 18, 2020, Vienna, Austria, Revised and Extended Papers, pages: 69-88, (Editors: Holzinger, Andreas and Goebel, Randy and Fong, Ruth and Moon, Taesup and Müller, Klaus-Robert and Samek, Wojciech), Springer International Publishing, 2022 (inbook)

DOI [BibTex]

Causality for Machine Learning

Schölkopf, B.

In Probabilistic and Causal Inference: The Works of Judea Pearl, pages: 765-804, 1, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2022 (inbook)

arXiv DOI [BibTex]

ei Schölkopf, B. Causality for Machine Learning In Probabilistic and Causal Inference: The Works of Judea Pearl, pages: 765-804, 1, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2022 (inbook)

arXiv DOI [BibTex]

Voltage dependent investigations on the spin polarization of layered heterostructues

Miller, M.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2022 (mastersthesis)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Miller, M. Voltage dependent investigations on the spin polarization of layered heterostructues Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2022 (mastersthesis)

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2021

Learning Neural Causal Models with Active Interventions

Scherrer, N.

ETH Zurich, Switzerland, November 2021 (mastersthesis)

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2021

ei Scherrer, N. Learning Neural Causal Models with Active Interventions ETH Zurich, Switzerland, November 2021 (mastersthesis)

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HealthGen: Conditional Generation of Realistic Medical Time Series with Informative Missingness

Bing, S.

ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2021 (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

ei Bing, S. HealthGen: Conditional Generation of Realistic Medical Time Series with Informative Missingness ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2021 (mastersthesis)

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Study of the Interventional Consistency of Autoencoders

Lanzillotta, G.

ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2021 (mastersthesis)

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ei Lanzillotta, G. Study of the Interventional Consistency of Autoencoders ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2021 (mastersthesis)

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Physically Plausible Tracking & Reconstruction of Dynamic Objects

Strecke, M., Stückler, J.

KIT Science Week Scientific Conference & DGR-Days 2021, October 2021 (talk)

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ev Strecke, M., Stückler, J. Physically Plausible Tracking & Reconstruction of Dynamic Objects KIT Science Week Scientific Conference & DGR-Days 2021, October 2021 (talk)

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Training with Few to Manipulate Many. On OOD generalization in relational reinforcement learning

Mambelli, D.

ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2021 (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

ei Mambelli, D. Training with Few to Manipulate Many. On OOD generalization in relational reinforcement learning ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2021 (mastersthesis)

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Electriflow: Augmenting Books With Tangible Animation Using Soft Electrohydraulic Actuators

Purnendu, , Novack, S., Acome, E., Alistar, M., Keplinger, C., Gross, M. D., Bruns, C., Leithinger, D.

In ACM SIGGRAPH 2021 Labs, pages: 1-2, Association for Computing Machinery, SIGGRAPH 2021, August 2021 (inbook)

Abstract

We present Electriflow: a method of augmenting books with tangible animation employing soft electrohydraulic actuators. These actuators are compact, silent and fast in operation, and can be fabricated with commodity materials. They generate an immediate hydraulic force upon electrostatic activation without an external fluid supply source, enabling a simple and self-contained design. Electriflow actuators produce an immediate shape transition from flat to folded state which enabled their seamless integration into books. For the Emerging Technologies exhibit, we will demonstrate the prototype of a book augmented with the capability of tangible animation.

Supplemental Material link (url) DOI [BibTex]

rm Purnendu, , Novack, S., Acome, E., Alistar, M., Keplinger, C., Gross, M. D., Bruns, C., Leithinger, D. Electriflow: Augmenting Books With Tangible Animation Using Soft Electrohydraulic Actuators In ACM SIGGRAPH 2021 Labs, pages: 1-2, Association for Computing Machinery, SIGGRAPH 2021, August 2021 (inbook)

Supplemental Material link (url) DOI [BibTex]

Promoting metacognitive learning through systematic reflection

Frederic Becker, , Lieder, F.

The first edition of Life Improvement Science Conference, June 2021 (poster)

Abstract

Human decision-making is sometimes systematically biased toward suboptimal decisions. For example, people often make short-sighted choices because they don't give enough weight to the long-term consequences of their actions. Previous studies showed that it is possible to overcome such biases by teaching people a more rational decision strategy through instruction, demonstrations, or practice with feedback. The benefits of these approaches tend to be limited to situations that are very similar to those used during the training. One way to overcome this limitation is to create general tools and strategies that people can use to improve their decision-making in any situation. Here we propose one such approach, namely directing people to systematically reflect on how they make their decisions. In systematic reflection, past experience is re-evaluated with the intention to learn. In this study, we investigate how reflection affects how people learn to plan and whether reflective learning can help people to discover more far-sighted planning strategies. In our experiment participants solve a series of 30 planning problems where the immediate rewards are smaller and therefore less important than long-term rewards. Building on Wolfbauer et al. (2020), the experimental group is guided by four reflection prompts asking the participant to describe their planning strategy, the strategy's performance, and his or her emotional response, insights, and intention to change their strategy. The control group practices planning without reflection prompts. Our pilot data suggest that systematic reflection helps people to more rapidly discover adaptive planning strategies. Our findings suggest that reflection is useful not only for helping people learn what to do in a specific situation but also for helping people learn how to think about what to do. In future work, we will compare the effects of different types of reflection on the subsequent changes in people's decision strategies. Developing apps that prompt people to reflect on their decisions may be a promising approach to accelerating cognitive growth and promoting lifelong learning.

[BibTex]

re Frederic Becker, , Lieder, F. Promoting metacognitive learning through systematic reflection The first edition of Life Improvement Science Conference, June 2021 (poster)

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Improving Human Decision-Making by Discovering Efficient Strategies for Hierarchical Planning

Heindrich, L., Consul, S., Stojcheski, J., Lieder, F.

Tübingen, Germany, The first edition of Life Improvement Science Conference, June 2021 (talk) Accepted

Abstract

The discovery of decision strategies is an essential part of creating effective cognitive tutors that teach planning and decision-making skills to humans. In the context of bounded rationality, this requires weighing the benefits of different planning operations compared to their computational costs. For small decision problems, it has already been shown that near-optimal decision strategies can be discovered automatically and that the discovered strategies can be taught to humans to increase their performance. Unfortunately, these near-optimal strategy discovery algorithms have not been able to scale well to larger problems due to their computational complexity. In this talk, we will present recent work at the Rationality Enhancement Group to overcome the computational bottleneck of existing strategy discovery algorithms. Our approach makes use of the hierarchical structure of human behavior by decomposing sequential decision problems into two sub-problems: setting a goal and planning how to achieve it. An additional metacontroller component is introduced to switch the current goal when it becomes beneficial. The hierarchical decomposition enables us to discover near-optimal strategies for human planning in larger and more complex tasks than previously possible. We then show in online experiments that teaching the discovered strategies to humans improves their performance in complex sequential decision-making tasks.

Project Page [BibTex]

re Heindrich, L., Consul, S., Stojcheski, J., Lieder, F. Improving Human Decision-Making by Discovering Efficient Strategies for Hierarchical Planning Tübingen, Germany, The first edition of Life Improvement Science Conference, June 2021 (talk) Accepted

Project Page [BibTex]

Robotic Surgery Training in AR: Multimodal Record and Replay

Krauthausen, F.

pages: 1-147, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, May 2021, Study Program in Software Engineering (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

hi Krauthausen, F. Robotic Surgery Training in AR: Multimodal Record and Replay pages: 1-147, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, May 2021, Study Program in Software Engineering (mastersthesis)

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Direct detection of spin Hall effect induced torques in platinum/ferromagnetic bilayer systems

Alten, F.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, January 2021 (mastersthesis)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Alten, F. Direct detection of spin Hall effect induced torques in platinum/ferromagnetic bilayer systems Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, January 2021 (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

Community detection in heterogeneously attributed networks

Zottino, N.

Politecnico di Torino, 2021 (mastersthesis)

pio

link (url) [BibTex]

pio Zottino, N. Community detection in heterogeneously attributed networks Politecnico di Torino, 2021 (mastersthesis)

link (url) [BibTex]

Turbulence Modulation and Energy Transfer in Turbulent Channel Flow Coupled with One-Side Porous Media

Chu, X., Wang, W., Müller, J., Schöning, H. V., Liu, Y., Weigand, B.

In High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering’20, pages: 373-386, Springer, 2021 (incollection)

minibot

[BibTex]

minibot Chu, X., Wang, W., Müller, J., Schöning, H. V., Liu, Y., Weigand, B. Turbulence Modulation and Energy Transfer in Turbulent Channel Flow Coupled with One-Side Porous Media In High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering’20, pages: 373-386, Springer, 2021 (incollection)

[BibTex]

2020

Voltage dependent interfacial magnetism in multilayer systems

Nacke, R.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, December 2020 (thesis)

mms

[BibTex]

2020

mms Nacke, R. Voltage dependent interfacial magnetism in multilayer systems Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, December 2020 (thesis)

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Hydromagnonics: Manipulation of magnonic systems with hydrogen

Sauter, R.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, December 2020 (mastersthesis)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Sauter, R. Hydromagnonics: Manipulation of magnonic systems with hydrogen Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, December 2020 (mastersthesis)

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A Robotic Manipulation Benchmark for Causal Structure and Transfer Learning

Ahmed, O.

ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2020 (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

ei Ahmed, O. A Robotic Manipulation Benchmark for Causal Structure and Transfer Learning ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2020 (mastersthesis)

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A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation of Synthetic Data Generation for Biomedical Imaging

DuMont Schütte, A.

ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2020 (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

ei DuMont Schütte, A. A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation of Synthetic Data Generation for Biomedical Imaging ETH Zurich, Switzerland, October 2020 (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

Towards Hybrid Active and Passive Compliant Mechanisms in Legged Robots

Milad Shafiee Ashtiani, A. A. S., Badri-Sproewitz, A.

IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), IEEE, October 2020 (poster) Accepted

dlg

Abstract Poster [BibTex]

dlg Milad Shafiee Ashtiani, A. A. S., Badri-Sproewitz, A. Towards Hybrid Active and Passive Compliant Mechanisms in Legged Robots IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), IEEE, October 2020 (poster) Accepted

Abstract Poster [BibTex]

Deep learning for the parameter estimation of tight-binding Hamiltonians

Cacioppo, A.

University of Roma, La Sapienza, Italy, May 2020 (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

ei Cacioppo, A. Deep learning for the parameter estimation of tight-binding Hamiltonians University of Roma, La Sapienza, Italy, May 2020 (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

Beyond Basins of Attraction: Quantifying Robustness of Natural Dynamics

Heim, S., Badri-Spröwitz, A.

May 2020 (talk)

dlg

Presentation [BibTex]

dlg Heim, S., Badri-Spröwitz, A. Beyond Basins of Attraction: Quantifying Robustness of Natural Dynamics May 2020 (talk)

Presentation [BibTex]

VP above or below? A new perspective on the story of the virtual point

Drama, Ö., Badri-Spröwitz, A.

Dynamic Walking, May 2020 (poster)

Abstract

The spring inverted pendulum model with an extended trunk (TSLIP) is widely used to investigate the postural stability in bipedal locomotion [1, 2]. The challenge of the model is to define a hip torque that generates feasible gait patterns while stabilizing the floating trunk. The virtual point (VP) method is proposed as a simplified solution, where the hip torque is coupled to the passive compliant leg force via a virtual point. This geometric coupling is based on the assumption that the instantaneous ground reaction forces of the stance phase (GRF) intersect at a single virtual point.

dlg

Poster Abstract link (url) [BibTex]

dlg Drama, Ö., Badri-Spröwitz, A. VP above or below? A new perspective on the story of the virtual point Dynamic Walking, May 2020 (poster)

Poster Abstract link (url) [BibTex]

Viscous Damping in Legged Locomotion

Mo, A., Izzi, F., Haeufle, D. F. B., Badri-Spröwitz, A.

Dynamic Walking, May 2020 (poster)

Abstract

Damping likely plays an essential role in legged animal locomotion, but remains an insufficiently understood mechanism. Intrinsic damping muscle forces can potentially add to the joint torque output during unexpected impacts, stabilise movements, convert the system’s energy, and reject unexpected perturbations.

dlg

Abstract Poster link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

dlg Mo, A., Izzi, F., Haeufle, D. F. B., Badri-Spröwitz, A. Viscous Damping in Legged Locomotion Dynamic Walking, May 2020 (poster)

Abstract Poster link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

How Quadrupeds Benefit from Lower Leg Passive Elasticity

Ruppert, F., Badri-Spröwitz, A.

Dynamic Walking, May 2020 (poster)

Abstract

Recently developed and fully actuated, legged robots start showing exciting locomotion capabilities, but rely heavily on high-power actuators, high-frequency sensors, and complex locomotion controllers. The engineering solutions implemented in these legged robots are much different compared to animals. Vertebrate animals share magnitudes slower neurocontrol signal velocities [1] compared to their robot counterparts. Also, animals feature a plethora of cascaded and underactuated passive elastic structures [2].

dlg

Abstract Poster link (url) Project Page [BibTex]