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142 results (View BibTeX file of all listed publications)

2018

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Deep Reinforcement Learning for Event-Triggered Control

Baumann, D., Zhu, J., Martius, G., Trimpe, S.

In Proceedings of the 57th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), pages: 943-950, 57th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), December 2018 (inproceedings)

al ics

arXiv PDF DOI Project Page Project Page [BibTex]

2018

al ics Baumann, D., Zhu, J., Martius, G., Trimpe, S. Deep Reinforcement Learning for Event-Triggered Control In Proceedings of the 57th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), pages: 943-950, 57th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), December 2018 (inproceedings)

arXiv PDF DOI Project Page Project Page [BibTex]

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On the Integration of Optical Flow and Action Recognition

Sevilla-Lara, L., Liao, Y., Güney, F., Jampani, V., Geiger, A., Black, M. J.

In German Conference on Pattern Recognition (GCPR), LNCS 11269, pages: 281-297, Springer, Cham, October 2018 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Most of the top performing action recognition methods use optical flow as a "black box" input. Here we take a deeper look at the combination of flow and action recognition, and investigate why optical flow is helpful, what makes a flow method good for action recognition, and how we can make it better. In particular, we investigate the impact of different flow algorithms and input transformations to better understand how these affect a state-of-the-art action recognition method. Furthermore, we fine tune two neural-network flow methods end-to-end on the most widely used action recognition dataset (UCF101). Based on these experiments, we make the following five observations: 1) optical flow is useful for action recognition because it is invariant to appearance, 2) optical flow methods are optimized to minimize end-point-error (EPE), but the EPE of current methods is not well correlated with action recognition performance, 3) for the flow methods tested, accuracy at boundaries and at small displacements is most correlated with action recognition performance, 4) training optical flow to minimize classification error instead of minimizing EPE improves recognition performance, and 5) optical flow learned for the task of action recognition differs from traditional optical flow especially inside the human body and at the boundary of the body. These observations may encourage optical flow researchers to look beyond EPE as a goal and guide action recognition researchers to seek better motion cues, leading to a tighter integration of the optical flow and action recognition communities.

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arXiv DOI [BibTex]

avg ps Sevilla-Lara, L., Liao, Y., Güney, F., Jampani, V., Geiger, A., Black, M. J. On the Integration of Optical Flow and Action Recognition In German Conference on Pattern Recognition (GCPR), LNCS 11269, pages: 281-297, Springer, Cham, October 2018 (inproceedings)

arXiv DOI [BibTex]

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Towards Robust Visual Odometry with a Multi-Camera System

Liu, P., Geppert, M., Heng, L., Sattler, T., Geiger, A., Pollefeys, M.

In International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) 2018, International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, October 2018 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We present a visual odometry (VO) algorithm for a multi-camera system and robust operation in challenging environments. Our algorithm consists of a pose tracker and a local mapper. The tracker estimates the current pose by minimizing photometric errors between the most recent keyframe and the current frame. The mapper initializes the depths of all sampled feature points using plane-sweeping stereo. To reduce pose drift, a sliding window optimizer is used to refine poses and structure jointly. Our formulation is flexible enough to support an arbitrary number of stereo cameras. We evaluate our algorithm thoroughly on five datasets. The datasets were captured in different conditions: daytime, night-time with near-infrared (NIR) illumination and night-time without NIR illumination. Experimental results show that a multi-camera setup makes the VO more robust to challenging environments, especially night-time conditions, in which a single stereo configuration fails easily due to the lack of features.

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pdf Project Page [BibTex]

avg Liu, P., Geppert, M., Heng, L., Sattler, T., Geiger, A., Pollefeys, M. Towards Robust Visual Odometry with a Multi-Camera System In International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) 2018, International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, October 2018 (inproceedings)

pdf Project Page [BibTex]

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Learning Priors for Semantic 3D Reconstruction

Cherabier, I., Schönberger, J., Oswald, M., Pollefeys, M., Geiger, A.

In Computer Vision – ECCV 2018, Springer International Publishing, Cham, September 2018 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We present a novel semantic 3D reconstruction framework which embeds variational regularization into a neural network. Our network performs a fixed number of unrolled multi-scale optimization iterations with shared interaction weights. In contrast to existing variational methods for semantic 3D reconstruction, our model is end-to-end trainable and captures more complex dependencies between the semantic labels and the 3D geometry. Compared to previous learning-based approaches to 3D reconstruction, we integrate powerful long-range dependencies using variational coarse-to-fine optimization. As a result, our network architecture requires only a moderate number of parameters while keeping a high level of expressiveness which enables learning from very little data. Experiments on real and synthetic datasets demonstrate that our network achieves higher accuracy compared to a purely variational approach while at the same time requiring two orders of magnitude less iterations to converge. Moreover, our approach handles ten times more semantic class labels using the same computational resources.

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pdf suppmat Project Page Video DOI Project Page [BibTex]

avg Cherabier, I., Schönberger, J., Oswald, M., Pollefeys, M., Geiger, A. Learning Priors for Semantic 3D Reconstruction In Computer Vision – ECCV 2018, Springer International Publishing, Cham, September 2018 (inproceedings)

pdf suppmat Project Page Video DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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Discovering and Teaching Optimal Planning Strategies

Lieder, F., Callaway, F., Krueger, P. M., Das, P., Griffiths, T. L., Gul, S.

In The 14th biannual conference of the German Society for Cognitive Science, GK, September 2018 (inproceedings)

re

Project Page [BibTex]

re Lieder, F., Callaway, F., Krueger, P. M., Das, P., Griffiths, T. L., Gul, S. Discovering and Teaching Optimal Planning Strategies In The 14th biannual conference of the German Society for Cognitive Science, GK, September 2018 (inproceedings)

Project Page [BibTex]

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Unsupervised Learning of Multi-Frame Optical Flow with Occlusions

Janai, J., Güney, F., Ranjan, A., Black, M. J., Geiger, A.

In European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11220, pages: 713-731, Springer, Cham, September 2018 (inproceedings)

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pdf suppmat Video Project Page DOI Project Page [BibTex]

avg ps Janai, J., Güney, F., Ranjan, A., Black, M. J., Geiger, A. Unsupervised Learning of Multi-Frame Optical Flow with Occlusions In European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11220, pages: 713-731, Springer, Cham, September 2018 (inproceedings)

pdf suppmat Video Project Page DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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Discovering Rational Heuristics for Risky Choice

Gul, S., Krueger, P. M., Callaway, F., Griffiths, T. L., Lieder, F.

The 14th biannual conference of the German Society for Cognitive Science, GK, The 14th biannual conference of the German Society for Cognitive Science, GK, September 2018 (conference)

re

Project Page [BibTex]

re Gul, S., Krueger, P. M., Callaway, F., Griffiths, T. L., Lieder, F. Discovering Rational Heuristics for Risky Choice The 14th biannual conference of the German Society for Cognitive Science, GK, The 14th biannual conference of the German Society for Cognitive Science, GK, September 2018 (conference)

Project Page [BibTex]

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SphereNet: Learning Spherical Representations for Detection and Classification in Omnidirectional Images

Coors, B., Condurache, A. P., Geiger, A.

European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), September 2018 (conference)

Abstract
Omnidirectional cameras offer great benefits over classical cameras wherever a wide field of view is essential, such as in virtual reality applications or in autonomous robots. Unfortunately, standard convolutional neural networks are not well suited for this scenario as the natural projection surface is a sphere which cannot be unwrapped to a plane without introducing significant distortions, particularly in the polar regions. In this work, we present SphereNet, a novel deep learning framework which encodes invariance against such distortions explicitly into convolutional neural networks. Towards this goal, SphereNet adapts the sampling locations of the convolutional filters, effectively reversing distortions, and wraps the filters around the sphere. By building on regular convolutions, SphereNet enables the transfer of existing perspective convolutional neural network models to the omnidirectional case. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on the tasks of image classification and object detection, exploiting two newly created semi-synthetic and real-world omnidirectional datasets.

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pdf suppmat Project Page [BibTex]

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Robust Dense Mapping for Large-Scale Dynamic Environments

Barsan, I. A., Liu, P., Pollefeys, M., Geiger, A.

In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2018, IEEE, International Conference on Robotics and Automation, May 2018 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We present a stereo-based dense mapping algorithm for large-scale dynamic urban environments. In contrast to other existing methods, we simultaneously reconstruct the static background, the moving objects, and the potentially moving but currently stationary objects separately, which is desirable for high-level mobile robotic tasks such as path planning in crowded environments. We use both instance-aware semantic segmentation and sparse scene flow to classify objects as either background, moving, or potentially moving, thereby ensuring that the system is able to model objects with the potential to transition from static to dynamic, such as parked cars. Given camera poses estimated from visual odometry, both the background and the (potentially) moving objects are reconstructed separately by fusing the depth maps computed from the stereo input. In addition to visual odometry, sparse scene flow is also used to estimate the 3D motions of the detected moving objects, in order to reconstruct them accurately. A map pruning technique is further developed to improve reconstruction accuracy and reduce memory consumption, leading to increased scalability. We evaluate our system thoroughly on the well-known KITTI dataset. Our system is capable of running on a PC at approximately 2.5Hz, with the primary bottleneck being the instance-aware semantic segmentation, which is a limitation we hope to address in future work.

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pdf Video Project Page Project Page [BibTex]

avg Barsan, I. A., Liu, P., Pollefeys, M., Geiger, A. Robust Dense Mapping for Large-Scale Dynamic Environments In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2018, IEEE, International Conference on Robotics and Automation, May 2018 (inproceedings)

pdf Video Project Page Project Page [BibTex]

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Learning 3D Shape Completion under Weak Supervision

Stutz, D., Geiger, A.

Arxiv, May 2018 (article)

Abstract
We address the problem of 3D shape completion from sparse and noisy point clouds, a fundamental problem in computer vision and robotics. Recent approaches are either data-driven or learning-based: Data-driven approaches rely on a shape model whose parameters are optimized to fit the observations; Learning-based approaches, in contrast, avoid the expensive optimization step by learning to directly predict complete shapes from incomplete observations in a fully-supervised setting. However, full supervision is often not available in practice. In this work, we propose a weakly-supervised learning-based approach to 3D shape completion which neither requires slow optimization nor direct supervision. While we also learn a shape prior on synthetic data, we amortize, i.e., learn, maximum likelihood fitting using deep neural networks resulting in efficient shape completion without sacrificing accuracy. On synthetic benchmarks based on ShapeNet and ModelNet as well as on real robotics data from KITTI and Kinect, we demonstrate that the proposed amortized maximum likelihood approach is able to compete with fully supervised baselines and outperforms data-driven approaches, while requiring less supervision and being significantly faster.

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PDF Project Page Project Page [BibTex]

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Nonlinear decoding of a complex movie from the mammalian retina

Botella-Soler, V., Deny, S., Martius, G., Marre, O., Tkačik, G.

PLOS Computational Biology, 14(5):1-27, Public Library of Science, May 2018 (article)

Abstract
Author summary Neurons in the retina transform patterns of incoming light into sequences of neural spikes. We recorded from ∼100 neurons in the rat retina while it was stimulated with a complex movie. Using machine learning regression methods, we fit decoders to reconstruct the movie shown from the retinal output. We demonstrated that retinal code can only be read out with a low error if decoders make use of correlations between successive spikes emitted by individual neurons. These correlations can be used to ignore spontaneous spiking that would, otherwise, cause even the best linear decoders to “hallucinate” nonexistent stimuli. This work represents the first high resolution single-trial full movie reconstruction and suggests a new paradigm for separating spontaneous from stimulus-driven neural activity.

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DOI [BibTex]

al Botella-Soler, V., Deny, S., Martius, G., Marre, O., Tkačik, G. Nonlinear decoding of a complex movie from the mammalian retina PLOS Computational Biology, 14(5):1-27, Public Library of Science, May 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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RayNet: Learning Volumetric 3D Reconstruction with Ray Potentials

Paschalidou, D., Ulusoy, A. O., Schmitt, C., Gool, L., Geiger, A.

In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE Computer Society, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2018, 2018 (inproceedings)

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the problem of reconstructing a dense 3D model using images captured from different views. Recent methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) allow learning the entire task from data. However, they do not incorporate the physics of image formation such as perspective geometry and occlusion. Instead, classical approaches based on Markov Random Fields (MRF) with ray-potentials explicitly model these physical processes, but they cannot cope with large surface appearance variations across different viewpoints. In this paper, we propose RayNet, which combines the strengths of both frameworks. RayNet integrates a CNN that learns view-invariant feature representations with an MRF that explicitly encodes the physics of perspective projection and occlusion. We train RayNet end-to-end using empirical risk minimization. We thoroughly evaluate our approach on challenging real-world datasets and demonstrate its benefits over a piece-wise trained baseline, hand-crafted models as well as other learning-based approaches.

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pdf suppmat Video Project Page code Poster Project Page [BibTex]

avg Paschalidou, D., Ulusoy, A. O., Schmitt, C., Gool, L., Geiger, A. RayNet: Learning Volumetric 3D Reconstruction with Ray Potentials In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE Computer Society, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2018, 2018 (inproceedings)

pdf suppmat Video Project Page code Poster Project Page [BibTex]

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Learning to select computations

Callaway, F., Gul, S., Krueger, P., Griffiths, T. L., Lieder, F.

In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Conference, 2018 (inproceedings)

re

Project Page [BibTex]

re Callaway, F., Gul, S., Krueger, P., Griffiths, T. L., Lieder, F. Learning to select computations In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Conference, 2018 (inproceedings)

Project Page [BibTex]

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Transmission x-ray microscopy at low temperatures: Irregular supercurrent flow at small length scales

Simmendinger, J., Ruoss, S., Stahl, C., Weigand, M., Gräfe, J., Schütz, G., Albrecht, J.

{Physical Review B}, 97(13), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2018 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Simmendinger, J., Ruoss, S., Stahl, C., Weigand, M., Gräfe, J., Schütz, G., Albrecht, J. Transmission x-ray microscopy at low temperatures: Irregular supercurrent flow at small length scales {Physical Review B}, 97(13), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Deep Marching Cubes: Learning Explicit Surface Representations

Liao, Y., Donne, S., Geiger, A.

In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE Computer Society, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2018, 2018 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Existing learning based solutions to 3D surface prediction cannot be trained end-to-end as they operate on intermediate representations (eg, TSDF) from which 3D surface meshes must be extracted in a post-processing step (eg, via the marching cubes algorithm). In this paper, we investigate the problem of end-to-end 3D surface prediction. We first demonstrate that the marching cubes algorithm is not differentiable and propose an alternative differentiable formulation which we insert as a final layer into a 3D convolutional neural network. We further propose a set of loss functions which allow for training our model with sparse point supervision. Our experiments demonstrate that the model allows for predicting sub-voxel accurate 3D shapes of arbitrary topology. Additionally, it learns to complete shapes and to separate an object's inside from its outside even in the presence of sparse and incomplete ground truth. We investigate the benefits of our approach on the task of inferring shapes from 3D point clouds. Our model is flexible and can be combined with a variety of shape encoder and shape inference techniques.

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pdf suppmat Video Project Page Poster Project Page [BibTex]

avg Liao, Y., Donne, S., Geiger, A. Deep Marching Cubes: Learning Explicit Surface Representations In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE Computer Society, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2018, 2018 (inproceedings)

pdf suppmat Video Project Page Poster Project Page [BibTex]

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Semantic Visual Localization

Schönberger, J., Pollefeys, M., Geiger, A., Sattler, T.

In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE Computer Society, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2018, 2018 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Robust visual localization under a wide range of viewing conditions is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Handling the difficult cases of this problem is not only very challenging but also of high practical relevance, eg, in the context of life-long localization for augmented reality or autonomous robots. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on a joint 3D geometric and semantic understanding of the world, enabling it to succeed under conditions where previous approaches failed. Our method leverages a novel generative model for descriptor learning, trained on semantic scene completion as an auxiliary task. The resulting 3D descriptors are robust to missing observations by encoding high-level 3D geometric and semantic information. Experiments on several challenging large-scale localization datasets demonstrate reliable localization under extreme viewpoint, illumination, and geometry changes.

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pdf suppmat Poster Project Page [BibTex]

avg Schönberger, J., Pollefeys, M., Geiger, A., Sattler, T. Semantic Visual Localization In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE Computer Society, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2018, 2018 (inproceedings)

pdf suppmat Poster Project Page [BibTex]

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Augmented Reality Meets Computer Vision: Efficient Data Generation for Urban Driving Scenes

Alhaija, H., Mustikovela, S., Mescheder, L., Geiger, A., Rother, C.

International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV), 2018, 2018 (article)

Abstract
The success of deep learning in computer vision is based on the availability of large annotated datasets. To lower the need for hand labeled images, virtually rendered 3D worlds have recently gained popularity. Unfortunately, creating realistic 3D content is challenging on its own and requires significant human effort. In this work, we propose an alternative paradigm which combines real and synthetic data for learning semantic instance segmentation and object detection models. Exploiting the fact that not all aspects of the scene are equally important for this task, we propose to augment real-world imagery with virtual objects of the target category. Capturing real-world images at large scale is easy and cheap, and directly provides real background appearances without the need for creating complex 3D models of the environment. We present an efficient procedure to augment these images with virtual objects. In contrast to modeling complete 3D environments, our data augmentation approach requires only a few user interactions in combination with 3D models of the target object category. Leveraging our approach, we introduce a novel dataset of augmented urban driving scenes with 360 degree images that are used as environment maps to create realistic lighting and reflections on rendered objects. We analyze the significance of realistic object placement by comparing manual placement by humans to automatic methods based on semantic scene analysis. This allows us to create composite images which exhibit both realistic background appearance as well as a large number of complex object arrangements. Through an extensive set of experiments, we conclude the right set of parameters to produce augmented data which can maximally enhance the performance of instance segmentation models. Further, we demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach on training standard deep models for semantic instance segmentation and object detection of cars in outdoor driving scenarios. We test the models trained on our augmented data on the KITTI 2015 dataset, which we have annotated with pixel-accurate ground truth, and on the Cityscapes dataset. Our experiments demonstrate that the models trained on augmented imagery generalize better than those trained on fully synthetic data or models trained on limited amounts of annotated real data.

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pdf Project Page [BibTex]

avg Alhaija, H., Mustikovela, S., Mescheder, L., Geiger, A., Rother, C. Augmented Reality Meets Computer Vision: Efficient Data Generation for Urban Driving Scenes International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV), 2018, 2018 (article)

pdf Project Page [BibTex]

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Which Training Methods for GANs do actually Converge?

Mescheder, L., Geiger, A., Nowozin, S.

International Conference on Machine learning (ICML), 2018 (conference)

Abstract
Recent work has shown local convergence of GAN training for absolutely continuous data and generator distributions. In this paper, we show that the requirement of absolute continuity is necessary: we describe a simple yet prototypical counterexample showing that in the more realistic case of distributions that are not absolutely continuous, unregularized GAN training is not always convergent. Furthermore, we discuss regularization strategies that were recently proposed to stabilize GAN training. Our analysis shows that GAN training with instance noise or zero-centered gradient penalties converges. On the other hand, we show that Wasserstein-GANs and WGAN-GP with a finite number of discriminator updates per generator update do not always converge to the equilibrium point. We discuss these results, leading us to a new explanation for the stability problems of GAN training. Based on our analysis, we extend our convergence results to more general GANs and prove local convergence for simplified gradient penalties even if the generator and data distributions lie on lower dimensional manifolds. We find these penalties to work well in practice and use them to learn high-resolution generative image models for a variety of datasets with little hyperparameter tuning.

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code video paper supplement slides poster Project Page [BibTex]

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L4: Practical loss-based stepsize adaptation for deep learning

Rolinek, M., Martius, G.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 31 (NeurIPS 2018), pages: 6434-6444, (Editors: S. Bengio and H. Wallach and H. Larochelle and K. Grauman and N. Cesa-Bianchi and R. Garnett), Curran Associates, Inc., 2018 (inproceedings)

al

Github link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

al Rolinek, M., Martius, G. L4: Practical loss-based stepsize adaptation for deep learning In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 31 (NeurIPS 2018), pages: 6434-6444, (Editors: S. Bengio and H. Wallach and H. Larochelle and K. Grauman and N. Cesa-Bianchi and R. Garnett), Curran Associates, Inc., 2018 (inproceedings)

Github link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

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Assessment methodology of promising porous materials for near ambient temperature hydrogen storage applications

Minuto, F. D., Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Policicchio, A., Hirscher, M., Agostino, R. G.

{International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, 43(31):14550-14556, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Minuto, F. D., Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Policicchio, A., Hirscher, M., Agostino, R. G. Assessment methodology of promising porous materials for near ambient temperature hydrogen storage applications {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, 43(31):14550-14556, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Learning 3D Shape Completion from Laser Scan Data with Weak Supervision

Stutz, D., Geiger, A.

In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE Computer Society, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2018, 2018 (inproceedings)

Abstract
3D shape completion from partial point clouds is a fundamental problem in computer vision and computer graphics. Recent approaches can be characterized as either data-driven or learning-based. Data-driven approaches rely on a shape model whose parameters are optimized to fit the observations. Learning-based approaches, in contrast, avoid the expensive optimization step and instead directly predict the complete shape from the incomplete observations using deep neural networks. However, full supervision is required which is often not available in practice. In this work, we propose a weakly-supervised learning-based approach to 3D shape completion which neither requires slow optimization nor direct supervision. While we also learn a shape prior on synthetic data, we amortize, ie, learn, maximum likelihood fitting using deep neural networks resulting in efficient shape completion without sacrificing accuracy. Tackling 3D shape completion of cars on ShapeNet and KITTI, we demonstrate that the proposed amortized maximum likelihood approach is able to compete with a fully supervised baseline and a state-of-the-art data-driven approach while being significantly faster. On ModelNet, we additionally show that the approach is able to generalize to other object categories as well.

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pdf suppmat Project Page Poster Project Page [BibTex]

avg Stutz, D., Geiger, A. Learning 3D Shape Completion from Laser Scan Data with Weak Supervision In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE Computer Society, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2018, 2018 (inproceedings)

pdf suppmat Project Page Poster Project Page [BibTex]

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Systematic self-exploration of behaviors for robots in a dynamical systems framework

Pinneri, C., Martius, G.

In Proc. Artificial Life XI, pages: 319-326, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2018 (inproceedings)

Abstract
One of the challenges of this century is to understand the neural mechanisms behind cognitive control and learning. Recent investigations propose biologically plausible synaptic mechanisms for self-organizing controllers, in the spirit of Hebbian learning. In particular, differential extrinsic plasticity (DEP) [Der and Martius, PNAS 2015], has proven to enable embodied agents to self-organize their individual sensorimotor development, and generate highly coordinated behaviors during their interaction with the environment. These behaviors are attractors of a dynamical system. In this paper, we use the DEP rule to generate attractors and we combine it with a “repelling potential” which allows the system to actively explore all its attractor behaviors in a systematic way. With a view to a self-determined exploration of goal-free behaviors, our framework enables switching between different motion patterns in an autonomous and sequential fashion. Our algorithm is able to recover all the attractor behaviors in a toy system and it is also effective in two simulated environments. A spherical robot discovers all its major rolling modes and a hexapod robot learns to locomote in 50 different ways in 30min.

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link (url) DOI Project Page [BibTex]

al Pinneri, C., Martius, G. Systematic self-exploration of behaviors for robots in a dynamical systems framework In Proc. Artificial Life XI, pages: 319-326, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2018 (inproceedings)

link (url) DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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Incorporation of Terbium into a Microalga Leads to Magnetotactic Swimmers

Santomauro, G., Singh, A., Park, B. W., Mohammadrahimi, M., Erkoc, P., Goering, E., Schütz, G., Sitti, M., Bill, J.

Advanced Biosystems, 2(12):1800039, 2018 (article)

mms pi

[BibTex]

mms pi Santomauro, G., Singh, A., Park, B. W., Mohammadrahimi, M., Erkoc, P., Goering, E., Schütz, G., Sitti, M., Bill, J. Incorporation of Terbium into a Microalga Leads to Magnetotactic Swimmers Advanced Biosystems, 2(12):1800039, 2018 (article)

[BibTex]

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Thermodynamics, kinetics and selectivity of H2 and D2 on zeolite 5A below 77K

Xiong, R., Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Zhang, L., Li, P., Yao, Y., Sang, G., Chen, C., Tang, T., Luo, D., Hirscher, M.

{Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, 264, pages: 22-27, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Xiong, R., Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Zhang, L., Li, P., Yao, Y., Sang, G., Chen, C., Tang, T., Luo, D., Hirscher, M. Thermodynamics, kinetics and selectivity of H2 and D2 on zeolite 5A below 77K {Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, 264, pages: 22-27, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Volumetric hydrogen storage capacity in metal-organic frameworks

Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Schlichtenmayer, M., Hirscher, M.

{Energy Technology}, 6(3):578-582, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Schlichtenmayer, M., Hirscher, M. Volumetric hydrogen storage capacity in metal-organic frameworks {Energy Technology}, 6(3):578-582, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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3D nanoprinted plastic kinoform x-ray optics

Sanli, U. T., Ceylan, H., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Sitti, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K.

{Advanced Materials}, 30(36), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

mms pi

DOI [BibTex]

mms pi Sanli, U. T., Ceylan, H., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Sitti, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K. 3D nanoprinted plastic kinoform x-ray optics {Advanced Materials}, 30(36), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

Thumb xl stutz
Learning 3D Shape Completion under Weak Supervision

Stutz, D., Geiger, A.

International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV), 2018, 2018 (article)

Abstract
We address the problem of 3D shape completion from sparse and noisy point clouds, a fundamental problem in computer vision and robotics. Recent approaches are either data-driven or learning-based: Data-driven approaches rely on a shape model whose parameters are optimized to fit the observations; Learning-based approaches, in contrast, avoid the expensive optimization step by learning to directly predict complete shapes from incomplete observations in a fully-supervised setting. However, full supervision is often not available in practice. In this work, we propose a weakly-supervised learning-based approach to 3D shape completion which neither requires slow optimization nor direct supervision. While we also learn a shape prior on synthetic data, we amortize, i.e., learn, maximum likelihood fitting using deep neural networks resulting in efficient shape completion without sacrificing accuracy. On synthetic benchmarks based on ShapeNet and ModelNet as well as on real robotics data from KITTI and Kinect, we demonstrate that the proposed amortized maximum likelihood approach is able to compete with a fully supervised baseline and outperforms the data-driven approach of Engelmann et al., while requiring less supervision and being significantly faster.

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pdf Project Page [BibTex]

avg Stutz, D., Geiger, A. Learning 3D Shape Completion under Weak Supervision International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV), 2018, 2018 (article)

pdf Project Page [BibTex]

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High volumetric hydrogen storage capacity using interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks

Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Schmieder, P., Denysenko, D., Volkmer, D., Hirscher, M.

{Energy Technology}, 6(3):510-512, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Balderas-Xicohténcatl, R., Schmieder, P., Denysenko, D., Volkmer, D., Hirscher, M. High volumetric hydrogen storage capacity using interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks {Energy Technology}, 6(3):510-512, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Learning Transformation Invariant Representations with Weak Supervision

Coors, B., Condurache, A., Mertins, A., Geiger, A.

In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications, International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications, 2018 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Deep convolutional neural networks are the current state-of-the-art solution to many computer vision tasks. However, their ability to handle large global and local image transformations is limited. Consequently, extensive data augmentation is often utilized to incorporate prior knowledge about desired invariances to geometric transformations such as rotations or scale changes. In this work, we combine data augmentation with an unsupervised loss which enforces similarity between the predictions of augmented copies of an input sample. Our loss acts as an effective regularizer which facilitates the learning of transformation invariant representations. We investigate the effectiveness of the proposed similarity loss on rotated MNIST and the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) in the context of different classification models including ladder networks. Our experiments demonstrate improvements with respect to the standard data augmentation approach for supervised and semi-supervised learning tasks, in particular in the presence of little annotated data. In addition, we analyze the performance of the proposed approach with respect to its hyperparameters, including the strength of the regularization as well as the layer where representation similarity is enforced.

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pdf [BibTex]

avg Coors, B., Condurache, A., Mertins, A., Geiger, A. Learning Transformation Invariant Representations with Weak Supervision In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications, International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications, 2018 (inproceedings)

pdf [BibTex]

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Learning equations for extrapolation and control

Sahoo, S. S., Lampert, C. H., Martius, G.

In Proc. 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2018, Stockholm, Sweden, 2018, 80, pages: 4442-4450, http://proceedings.mlr.press/v80/sahoo18a/sahoo18a.pdf, (Editors: Dy, Jennifer and Krause, Andreas), PMLR, 2018 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We present an approach to identify concise equations from data using a shallow neural network approach. In contrast to ordinary black-box regression, this approach allows understanding functional relations and generalizing them from observed data to unseen parts of the parameter space. We show how to extend the class of learnable equations for a recently proposed equation learning network to include divisions, and we improve the learning and model selection strategy to be useful for challenging real-world data. For systems governed by analytical expressions, our method can in many cases identify the true underlying equation and extrapolate to unseen domains. We demonstrate its effectiveness by experiments on a cart-pendulum system, where only 2 random rollouts are required to learn the forward dynamics and successfully achieve the swing-up task.

al

Code Arxiv Poster Slides link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

al Sahoo, S. S., Lampert, C. H., Martius, G. Learning equations for extrapolation and control In Proc. 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2018, Stockholm, Sweden, 2018, 80, pages: 4442-4450, http://proceedings.mlr.press/v80/sahoo18a/sahoo18a.pdf, (Editors: Dy, Jennifer and Krause, Andreas), PMLR, 2018 (inproceedings)

Code Arxiv Poster Slides link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

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Robust Affordable 3D Haptic Sensation via Learning Deformation Patterns

Sun, H., Martius, G.

Proceedings International Conference on Humanoid Robots, pages: 846-853, IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 2018 IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2018, Oral Presentation (conference)

Abstract
Haptic sensation is an important modality for interacting with the real world. This paper proposes a general framework of inferring haptic forces on the surface of a 3D structure from internal deformations using a small number of physical sensors instead of employing dense sensor arrays. Using machine learning techniques, we optimize the sensor number and their placement and are able to obtain high-precision force inference for a robotic limb using as few as 9 sensors. For the optimal and sparse placement of the measurement units (strain gauges), we employ data-driven methods based on data obtained by finite element simulation. We compare data-driven approaches with model-based methods relying on geometric distance and information criteria such as Entropy and Mutual Information. We validate our approach on a modified limb of the “Poppy” robot [1] and obtain 8 mm localization precision.

al

DOI Project Page [BibTex]

al Sun, H., Martius, G. Robust Affordable 3D Haptic Sensation via Learning Deformation Patterns Proceedings International Conference on Humanoid Robots, pages: 846-853, IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 2018 IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2018, Oral Presentation (conference)

DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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Object Scene Flow

Menze, M., Heipke, C., Geiger, A.

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2018 (article)

Abstract
This work investigates the estimation of dense three-dimensional motion fields, commonly referred to as scene flow. While great progress has been made in recent years, large displacements and adverse imaging conditions as observed in natural outdoor environments are still very challenging for current approaches to reconstruction and motion estimation. In this paper, we propose a unified random field model which reasons jointly about 3D scene flow as well as the location, shape and motion of vehicles in the observed scene. We formulate the problem as the task of decomposing the scene into a small number of rigidly moving objects sharing the same motion parameters. Thus, our formulation effectively introduces long-range spatial dependencies which commonly employed local rigidity priors are lacking. Our inference algorithm then estimates the association of image segments and object hypotheses together with their three-dimensional shape and motion. We demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach by introducing a novel challenging scene flow benchmark which allows for a thorough comparison of the proposed scene flow approach with respect to various baseline models. In contrast to previous benchmarks, our evaluation is the first to provide stereo and optical flow ground truth for dynamic real-world urban scenes at large scale. Our experiments reveal that rigid motion segmentation can be utilized as an effective regularizer for the scene flow problem, improving upon existing two-frame scene flow methods. At the same time, our method yields plausible object segmentations without requiring an explicitly trained recognition model for a specific object class.

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Project Page [BibTex]

avg Menze, M., Heipke, C., Geiger, A. Object Scene Flow ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2018 (article)

Project Page [BibTex]

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Thick permalloy films for the imaging of spin texture dynamics in perpendicularly magnetized systems

Finizio, S., Wintz, S., Bracher, D., Kirk, E., Semisalova, A. S., Förster, J., Zeissler, K., We\ssels, T., Weigand, M., Lenz, K., Kleibert, A., Raabe, J.

{Physical Review B}, 98(10), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Finizio, S., Wintz, S., Bracher, D., Kirk, E., Semisalova, A. S., Förster, J., Zeissler, K., We\ssels, T., Weigand, M., Lenz, K., Kleibert, A., Raabe, J. Thick permalloy films for the imaging of spin texture dynamics in perpendicularly magnetized systems {Physical Review B}, 98(10), American Physical Society, Woodbury, NY, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Dynamic Janus metasurfaces in the visible spectral region

Yu, P., Li, J., Zhang, S., Jin, Z., Schütz, G., Qiu, C., Hirscher, M., Liu, N.

{Nano Letters}, 18(7):4584-4589, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Yu, P., Li, J., Zhang, S., Jin, Z., Schütz, G., Qiu, C., Hirscher, M., Liu, N. Dynamic Janus metasurfaces in the visible spectral region {Nano Letters}, 18(7):4584-4589, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Review of ultrafast demagnetization after femtosecond laser pulses: A complex interaction of light with quantum matter

Fähnle, M., Haag, M., Illg, C., Müller, B. Y., Weng, W., Tsatsoulis, T., Huang, H., Briones Paz, J. Z., Teeny, N., Zhang, L., Kuhn, T.

{American Journal of Modern Physics}, 7(2):68-74, Science Publishing Group, New York, NY, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Fähnle, M., Haag, M., Illg, C., Müller, B. Y., Weng, W., Tsatsoulis, T., Huang, H., Briones Paz, J. Z., Teeny, N., Zhang, L., Kuhn, T. Review of ultrafast demagnetization after femtosecond laser pulses: A complex interaction of light with quantum matter {American Journal of Modern Physics}, 7(2):68-74, Science Publishing Group, New York, NY, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Direct observation of Zhang-Li torque expansion of magnetic droplet solitons

Chung, S., Tuan Le, Q., Ahlberg, M., Awad, A. A., Weigand, M., Bykova, I., Khymyn, R., Dvornik, M., Mazraati, H., Houshang, A., Jiang, S., Nguyen, T. N. A., Goering, E., Schütz, G., Gräfe, J., \AAkerman, J.

{Physical Review Letters}, 120(21), American Physical Society, Woodbury, N.Y., 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Chung, S., Tuan Le, Q., Ahlberg, M., Awad, A. A., Weigand, M., Bykova, I., Khymyn, R., Dvornik, M., Mazraati, H., Houshang, A., Jiang, S., Nguyen, T. N. A., Goering, E., Schütz, G., Gräfe, J., \AAkerman, J. Direct observation of Zhang-Li torque expansion of magnetic droplet solitons {Physical Review Letters}, 120(21), American Physical Society, Woodbury, N.Y., 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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XMCD investigations on new hard magnetic systems

Chen, Y.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2018 (phdthesis)

mms

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

mms Chen, Y. XMCD investigations on new hard magnetic systems Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2018 (phdthesis)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Current-induced skyrmion generation through morphological thermal transitions in chiral ferromagnetic heterostructures

Lemesh, I., Litzius, K., Böttcher, M., Bassirian, P., Kerber, N., Heinze, D., Zázvorka, J., Büttner, F., Caretta, L., Mann, M., Weigand, M., Finizio, S., Raabe, J., Im, M., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Dupé, B., Kläui, M., Beach, G. S. D.

{Advanced Materials}, 30(49), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Lemesh, I., Litzius, K., Böttcher, M., Bassirian, P., Kerber, N., Heinze, D., Zázvorka, J., Büttner, F., Caretta, L., Mann, M., Weigand, M., Finizio, S., Raabe, J., Im, M., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Dupé, B., Kläui, M., Beach, G. S. D. Current-induced skyrmion generation through morphological thermal transitions in chiral ferromagnetic heterostructures {Advanced Materials}, 30(49), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Direct observations of sub-100 nm spin wave propagation in magnonic wave-guides

Träger, N., Gruszecki, P., Lisiecki, F., Förster, J., Weigand, M., Kuswik, P., Dubowik, J., Schütz, G., Krawczyk, M., Gräfe, J.

In 2018 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 2018), IEEE, Singapore, 2018 (inproceedings)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Träger, N., Gruszecki, P., Lisiecki, F., Förster, J., Weigand, M., Kuswik, P., Dubowik, J., Schütz, G., Krawczyk, M., Gräfe, J. Direct observations of sub-100 nm spin wave propagation in magnonic wave-guides In 2018 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 2018), IEEE, Singapore, 2018 (inproceedings)

DOI [BibTex]

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Emission and propagation of multi-dimensional spin waves in anisotropic spin textures

Sluka, V., Schneider, T., Gallardo, R. A., Kakay, A., Weigand, M., Warnatz, T., Mattheis, R., Roldan-Molina, A., Landeros, P., Tiberkevich, V., Slavin, A., Schütz, G., Erbe, A., Deac, A., Lindner, J., Raabe, J., Fassbender, J., Wintz, S.

2018 (misc)

mms

link (url) [BibTex]

mms Sluka, V., Schneider, T., Gallardo, R. A., Kakay, A., Weigand, M., Warnatz, T., Mattheis, R., Roldan-Molina, A., Landeros, P., Tiberkevich, V., Slavin, A., Schütz, G., Erbe, A., Deac, A., Lindner, J., Raabe, J., Fassbender, J., Wintz, S. Emission and propagation of multi-dimensional spin waves in anisotropic spin textures 2018 (misc)

link (url) [BibTex]

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3d nanofabrication of high-resolution multilayer Fresnel zone plates

Sanli, U. T., Jiao, C., Baluktsian, M., Grévent, C., Hahn, K., Wang, Y., Srot, V., Richter, G., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K.

{Advanced Science}, 5(9), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Sanli, U. T., Jiao, C., Baluktsian, M., Grévent, C., Hahn, K., Wang, Y., Srot, V., Richter, G., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K. 3d nanofabrication of high-resolution multilayer Fresnel zone plates {Advanced Science}, 5(9), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Photocatalytic CO2 reduction by Cr-substituted Ba2(In2-xCrx)O5\mbox⋅(H2O)δ(0.04 ≤x ≤0.60)

Yoon, S., Gaul, M., Sharma, S., Son, K., Hagemann, H., Ziegenbalg, D., Schwingenschlogl, U., Widenmeyer, M., Weidenkaff, A.

{Solid State Sciences}, 78, pages: 22-29, Elsevier Masson SAS, Paris, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Yoon, S., Gaul, M., Sharma, S., Son, K., Hagemann, H., Ziegenbalg, D., Schwingenschlogl, U., Widenmeyer, M., Weidenkaff, A. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction by Cr-substituted Ba2(In2-xCrx)O5\mbox⋅(H2O)δ(0.04 ≤x ≤0.60) {Solid State Sciences}, 78, pages: 22-29, Elsevier Masson SAS, Paris, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Correction of axial position uncertainty and systematic detector errors in ptychographic diffraction imaging

Loetgering, L., Rose, M., Keskinbora, K., Baluktsian, M., Dogan, G., Sanli, U., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., Wilhein, T.

{Optical Engineering}, 57(8), The Society, Redondo Beach, Calif., 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Loetgering, L., Rose, M., Keskinbora, K., Baluktsian, M., Dogan, G., Sanli, U., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., Wilhein, T. Correction of axial position uncertainty and systematic detector errors in ptychographic diffraction imaging {Optical Engineering}, 57(8), The Society, Redondo Beach, Calif., 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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The role of surface oxides on hydrogen sorption kinetics in titanium thin films

Hadjixenophontos, E., Michalek, L., Roussel, M., Hirscher, M., Schmitz, G.

{Applied Surface Science}, 441, pages: 324-330, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Hadjixenophontos, E., Michalek, L., Roussel, M., Hirscher, M., Schmitz, G. The role of surface oxides on hydrogen sorption kinetics in titanium thin films {Applied Surface Science}, 441, pages: 324-330, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Ferromagnetism in nitrogen and fluorine substituted BaTiO3

Yoon, S., Son, K., Ebbinghaus, S. G., Widenmeyer, M., Weidenkaff, A.

{Journal of Alloys and Compounds}, 749, pages: 628-633, Elsevier B.V., Lausanne, Switzerland, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Yoon, S., Son, K., Ebbinghaus, S. G., Widenmeyer, M., Weidenkaff, A. Ferromagnetism in nitrogen and fluorine substituted BaTiO3 {Journal of Alloys and Compounds}, 749, pages: 628-633, Elsevier B.V., Lausanne, Switzerland, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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New concepts for 3d optics in x-ray microscopy

Sanli, U., Ceylan, H., Jiao, C., Baluktsian, M., Grevent, C., Hahn, K., Wang, Y., Srot, V., Richter, G., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Sitti, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K.

{Microscopy and Microanalysis}, 24(Suppl 2):288-289, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 2018 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Sanli, U., Ceylan, H., Jiao, C., Baluktsian, M., Grevent, C., Hahn, K., Wang, Y., Srot, V., Richter, G., Bykova, I., Weigand, M., Sitti, M., Schütz, G., Keskinbora, K. New concepts for 3d optics in x-ray microscopy {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, 24(Suppl 2):288-289, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 2018 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Thermal skyrmion diffusion applied in probabilistic computing

Zázvorka, J., Jakobs, F., Heinze, D., Keil, N., Kromin, S., Jaiswal, S., Litzius, K., Jakob, G., Virnau, P., Pinna, D., Everschor-Sitte, K., Donges, A., Nowak, U., Kläui, M.

2018 (misc)

mms

link (url) [BibTex]

mms Zázvorka, J., Jakobs, F., Heinze, D., Keil, N., Kromin, S., Jaiswal, S., Litzius, K., Jakob, G., Virnau, P., Pinna, D., Everschor-Sitte, K., Donges, A., Nowak, U., Kläui, M. Thermal skyrmion diffusion applied in probabilistic computing 2018 (misc)

link (url) [BibTex]