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486 results (View BibTeX file of all listed publications)

2019

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Selecting causal brain features with a single conditional independence test per feature

Mastakouri, A., Schölkopf, B., Janzing, D.

Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32, 33rd Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2019 (conference) Accepted

ei

[BibTex]

2019

ei Mastakouri, A., Schölkopf, B., Janzing, D. Selecting causal brain features with a single conditional independence test per feature Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32, 33rd Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2019 (conference) Accepted

[BibTex]

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Semi-supervised learning, causality, and the conditional cluster assumption

von Kügelgen, J., Mey, A., Loog, M., Schölkopf, B.

NeurIPS 2019 Workshop “Do the right thing”: machine learning and causal inference for improved decision making, December 2019 (poster) Accepted

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei von Kügelgen, J., Mey, A., Loog, M., Schölkopf, B. Semi-supervised learning, causality, and the conditional cluster assumption NeurIPS 2019 Workshop “Do the right thing”: machine learning and causal inference for improved decision making, December 2019 (poster) Accepted

link (url) [BibTex]

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Controlling Heterogeneous Stochastic Growth Processes on Lattices with Limited Resources

Haksar, R., Solowjow, F., Trimpe, S., Schwager, M.

In Proceedings of the 58th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , 58th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), December 2019 (proceedings) Accepted

ics

PDF [BibTex]

ics Haksar, R., Solowjow, F., Trimpe, S., Schwager, M. Controlling Heterogeneous Stochastic Growth Processes on Lattices with Limited Resources In Proceedings of the 58th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , 58th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), December 2019 (proceedings) Accepted

PDF [BibTex]

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Optimal experimental design via Bayesian optimization: active causal structure learning for Gaussian process networks

von Kügelgen, J., Rubenstein, P., Schölkopf, B., Weller, A.

NeurIPS 2019 Workshop “Do the right thing”: machine learning and causal inference for improved decision making, December 2019 (poster) Accepted

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei von Kügelgen, J., Rubenstein, P., Schölkopf, B., Weller, A. Optimal experimental design via Bayesian optimization: active causal structure learning for Gaussian process networks NeurIPS 2019 Workshop “Do the right thing”: machine learning and causal inference for improved decision making, December 2019 (poster) Accepted

link (url) [BibTex]

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A Learnable Safety Measure

Heim, S., Rohr, A. V., Trimpe, S., Badri-Spröwitz, A.

Conference on Robot Learning, November 2019 (conference) Accepted

dlg ics

Arxiv [BibTex]

dlg ics Heim, S., Rohr, A. V., Trimpe, S., Badri-Spröwitz, A. A Learnable Safety Measure Conference on Robot Learning, November 2019 (conference) Accepted

Arxiv [BibTex]

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Fast Feedback Control over Multi-hop Wireless Networks with Mode Changes and Stability Guarantees

Baumann, D., Mager, F., Jacob, R., Thiele, L., Zimmerling, M., Trimpe, S.

ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems, 4(2):18, November 2019 (article)

ics

arXiv PDF DOI [BibTex]

ics Baumann, D., Mager, F., Jacob, R., Thiele, L., Zimmerling, M., Trimpe, S. Fast Feedback Control over Multi-hop Wireless Networks with Mode Changes and Stability Guarantees ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems, 4(2):18, November 2019 (article)

arXiv PDF DOI [BibTex]

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Acoustic Holographic Cell Patterning in a Biocompatible Hydrogel

Ma, Z., Holle, A., Melde, K., Qiu, T., Poeppel, K., Kadiri, V., Fischer, P.

Adv. Mat., October 2019 (article)

Abstract
Acoustophoresis is promising as a rapid, biocompatible, non-contact cell manipulation method, where cells are arranged along the nodes or antinodes of the acoustic field. Typically, the acoustic field is formed in a resonator, which results in highly symmetric regular patterns. However, arbitrary, non-symmetrically shaped cell assemblies are necessary to obtain the irregular cellular arrangements found in biological tissues. We show that arbitrarily shaped cell patterns can be obtained from the complex acoustic field distribution defined by an acoustic hologram. Attenuation of the sound field induces localized acoustic streaming and the resultant convection flow gently delivers the suspended cells to the image plane where they form the designed pattern. We show that the process can be implemented in a biocompatible collagen solution, which can then undergo gelation to immobilize the cell pattern inside the viscoelastic matrix. The patterned cells exhibit F-actin-based protrusions, which indicates that the cells grow and thrive within the matrix. Cell viability assays and brightfield imaging after one week confirm cell survival and that the patterns persist. Acoustophoretic cell manipulation by holographic fields thus holds promise for non-contact, long-range, long-term cellular pattern formation, with a wide variety of potential applications in tissue engineering and mechanobiology.

pf

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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A High-Fidelity Phantom for the Simulation and Quantitative Evaluation of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate

Choi, E., Adams, F., Gengenbacher, A., Schlager, D., Palagi, S., Müller, P., Wetterauer, U., Miernik, A., Fischer, P., Qiu, T.

Annals of Biomed. Eng., October 2019 (article)

Abstract
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure that requires experience and skill of the surgeon. To permit surgical training under realistic conditions we report a novel phantom of the human prostate that can be resected with TURP. The phantom mirrors the anatomy and haptic properties of the gland and permits quantitative evaluation of important surgical performance indicators. Mixtures of soft materials are engineered to mimic the physical properties of the human tissue, including the mechanical strength, the electrical and thermal conductivity, and the appearance under an endoscope. Electrocautery resection of the phantom closely resembles the procedure on human tissue. Ultrasound contrast agent was applied to the central zone, which was not detectable by the surgeon during the surgery but showed high contrast when imaged after the surgery, to serve as a label for the quantitative evaluation of the surgery. Quantitative criteria for performance assessment are established and evaluated by automated image analysis. We present the workflow of a surgical simulation on a prostate phantom followed by quantitative evaluation of the surgical performance. Surgery on the phantom is useful for medical training, and enables the development and testing of endoscopic and minimally invasive surgical instruments.

pf

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

pf Choi, E., Adams, F., Gengenbacher, A., Schlager, D., Palagi, S., Müller, P., Wetterauer, U., Miernik, A., Fischer, P., Qiu, T. A High-Fidelity Phantom for the Simulation and Quantitative Evaluation of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Annals of Biomed. Eng., October 2019 (article)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Interactive Materials – Drivers of Future Robotic Systems

Fischer, P.

Adv. Mat., October 2019 (article)

Abstract
A robot senses its environment, processes the sensory information, acts in response to these inputs, and possibly communicates with the outside world. Robots generally achieve these tasks with electronics-based hardware or by receiving inputs from some external hardware. In contrast, simple microorganisms can autonomously perceive, act, and communicate via purely physicochemical processes in soft material systems. A key property of biological systems is that they are built from energy-consuming ‘active’ units. Exciting developments in material science show that even very simple artificial active building blocks can show surprisingly rich emergent behaviors. Active non-equilibrium systems are therefore predicted to play an essential role to realize interactive materials. A major challenge is to find robust ways to couple and integrate the energy-consuming building blocks to the mechanical structure of the material. However, success in this endeavor will lead to a new generation of sophisticated micro- and soft-robotic systems that can operate autonomously.

pf

[BibTex]

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Neural Signatures of Motor Skill in the Resting Brain

Ozdenizci, O., Meyer, T., Wichmann, F., Peters, J., Schölkopf, B., Cetin, M., Grosse-Wentrup, M.

Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 2019), October 2019 (conference) Accepted

ei

[BibTex]

ei Ozdenizci, O., Meyer, T., Wichmann, F., Peters, J., Schölkopf, B., Cetin, M., Grosse-Wentrup, M. Neural Signatures of Motor Skill in the Resting Brain Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 2019), October 2019 (conference) Accepted

[BibTex]

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Arrays of plasmonic nanoparticle dimers with defined nanogap spacers

Jeong, H., Adams, M. C., Guenther, J., Alarcon-Correa, M., Kim, I., Choi, E., Miksch, C., Mark, A. F. M., Mark, A. G., Fischer, P.

ACS Nano, September 2019 (article)

Abstract
Plasmonic molecules are building blocks of metallic nanostructures that give rise to intriguing optical phenomena with similarities to those seen in molecular systems. The ability to design plasmonic hybrid structures and molecules with nanometric resolution would enable applications in optical metamaterials and sensing that presently cannot be demonstrated, because of a lack of suitable fabrication methods allowing the structural control of the plasmonic atoms on a large scale. Here we demonstrate a wafer-scale “lithography-free” parallel fabrication scheme to realize nanogap plasmonic meta-molecules with precise control over their size, shape, material, and orientation. We demonstrate how we can tune the corresponding coupled resonances through the entire visible spectrum. Our fabrication method, based on glancing angle physical vapor deposition with gradient shadowing, permits critical parameters to be varied across the wafer and thus is ideally suited to screen potential structures. We obtain billions of aligned dimer structures with controlled variation of the spectral properties across the wafer. We spectroscopically map the plasmonic resonances of gold dimer structures and show that they not only are in good agreement with numerically modeled spectra, but also remain functional, at least for a year, in ambient conditions.

pf

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Convolutional neural networks: A magic bullet for gravitational-wave detection?

Gebhard, T., Kilbertus, N., Harry, I., Schölkopf, B.

Physical Review D, 100(6):063015, American Physical Society, September 2019 (article)

ei

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

ei Gebhard, T., Kilbertus, N., Harry, I., Schölkopf, B. Convolutional neural networks: A magic bullet for gravitational-wave detection? Physical Review D, 100(6):063015, American Physical Society, September 2019 (article)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Predictive Triggering for Distributed Control of Resource Constrained Multi-agent Systems

Mastrangelo, J. M., Baumann, D., Trimpe, S.

In Proceedings of the 8th IFAC Workshop on Distributed Estimation and Control in Networked Systems, 8th IFAC Workshop on Distributed Estimation and Control in Networked Systems (NecSys), September 2019 (inproceedings)

ics

arXiv PDF [BibTex]

ics Mastrangelo, J. M., Baumann, D., Trimpe, S. Predictive Triggering for Distributed Control of Resource Constrained Multi-agent Systems In Proceedings of the 8th IFAC Workshop on Distributed Estimation and Control in Networked Systems, 8th IFAC Workshop on Distributed Estimation and Control in Networked Systems (NecSys), September 2019 (inproceedings)

arXiv PDF [BibTex]

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Data scarcity, robustness and extreme multi-label classification

Babbar, R., Schölkopf, B.

Machine Learning, 108(8):1329-1351, September 2019, Special Issue of the ECML PKDD 2019 Journal Track (article)

ei

DOI [BibTex]

ei Babbar, R., Schölkopf, B. Data scarcity, robustness and extreme multi-label classification Machine Learning, 108(8):1329-1351, September 2019, Special Issue of the ECML PKDD 2019 Journal Track (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Genetically modified M13 bacteriophage nanonets for enzyme catalysis and recovery

Kadiri, V. M., Alarcon-Correa, M., Guenther, J. P., Ruppert, J., Bill, J., Rothenstein, D., Fischer, P.

Catalysts, 9, pages: 723, August 2019 (article)

Abstract
Enzyme-based biocatalysis exhibits multiple advantages over inorganic catalysts, including the biocompatibility and the unchallenged specificity of enzymes towards their substrate. The recovery and repeated use of enzymes is essential for any realistic application in biotechnology, but is not easily achieved with current strategies. For this purpose, enzymes are often immobilized on inorganic scaffolds, which could entail a reduction of the enzymes’ activity. Here, we show that immobilization to a nano-scaled biological scaffold, a nanonetwork of end-to-end cross-linked M13 bacteriophages, ensures high enzymatic activity and at the same time allows for the simple recovery of the enzymes. The bacteriophages have been genetically engineered to express AviTags at their ends, which permit biotinylation and their specific end-to-end self-assembly while allowing space on the major coat protein for enzyme coupling. We demonstrate that the phages form nanonetwork structures and that these so-called nanonets remain highly active even after re-using the nanonets multiple times in a flow-through reactor.

pf

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Light-controlled micromotors and soft microrobots

Palagi, S., Singh, D. P., Fischer, P.

Adv. Opt. Mat., 7, pages: 1900370, August 2019 (article)

Abstract
Mobile microscale devices and microrobots can be powered by catalytic reactions (chemical micromotors) or by external fields. This report is focused on the role of light as a versatile means for wirelessly powering and controlling such microdevices. Recent advances in the development of autonomous micromotors are discussed, where light permits their actuation with unprecedented control and thereby enables advances in the field of active matter. In addition, structuring the light field is a new means to drive soft microrobots that are based on (photo‐) responsive polymers. The behavior of the two main classes of thermo‐ and photoresponsive polymers adopted in microrobotics (poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and liquid‐crystal elastomers) is analyzed, and recent applications are reported. The advantages and limitations of controlling micromotors and microrobots by light are reviewed, and some of the remaining challenges in the development of novel photo‐active materials for micromotors and microrobots are discussed.

pf

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Soft Continuous Surface for Micromanipulation driven by Light-controlled Hydrogels

Choi, E., Jeong, H., Qiu, T., Fischer, P., Palagi, S.

4th IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS), July 2019 (conference)

Abstract
Remotely controlled, automated actuation and manipulation at the microscale is essential for a number of micro-manufacturing, biology, and lab-on-a-chip applications. To transport and manipulate micro-objects, arrays of remotely controlled micro-actuators are required, which, in turn, typically require complex and expensive solid-state chips. Here, we show that a continuous surface can function as a highly parallel, many-degree of freedom, wirelessly-controlled microactuator with seamless deformation. The soft continuous surface is based on a hydrogel that undergoes a volume change in response to applied light. The fabrication of the hydrogels and the characterization of their optical and thermomechanical behaviors are reported. The temperature-dependent localized deformation of the hydrogel is also investigated by numerical simulations. Static and dynamic deformations are obtained in the soft material by projecting light fields at high spatial resolution onto the surface. By controlling such deformations in open loop and especially closed loop, automated photoactuation is achieved. The surface deformations are then exploited to examine how inert microbeads can be manipulated autonomously on the surface. We believe that the proposed approach suggests ways to implement universal 2D micromanipulation schemes that can be useful for automation in microfabrication and lab-on-a-chip applications.

pf

[BibTex]

pf Choi, E., Jeong, H., Qiu, T., Fischer, P., Palagi, S. Soft Continuous Surface for Micromanipulation driven by Light-controlled Hydrogels 4th IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS), July 2019 (conference)

[BibTex]

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Soft Phantom for the Training of Renal Calculi Diagnostics and Lithotripsy

Li., D., Suarez-Ibarrola, R., Choi, E., Jeong, M., Gratzke, C., Miernik, A., Fischer, P., Qiu, T.

41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), July 2019 (conference)

Abstract
Organ models are important for medical training and surgical planning. With the fast development of additive fabrication technologies, including 3D printing, the fabrication of 3D organ phantoms with precise anatomical features becomes possible. Here, we develop the first high-resolution kidney phantom based on soft material assembly, by combining 3D printing and polymer molding techniques. The phantom exhibits both the detailed anatomy of a human kidney and the elasticity of soft tissues. The phantom assembly can be separated into two parts on the coronal plane, thus large renal calculi are readily placed at any desired location of the calyx. With our sealing method, the assembled phantom withstands a hydraulic pressure that is four times the normal intrarenal pressure, thus it allows the simulation of medical procedures under realistic pressure conditions. The medical diagnostics of the renal calculi is performed by multiple imaging modalities, including X-ray, ultrasound imaging and endoscopy. The endoscopic lithotripsy is also successfully performed on the phantom. The use of a multifunctional soft phantom assembly thus shows great promise for the simulation of minimally invasive medical procedures under realistic conditions.

pf

[BibTex]

pf Li., D., Suarez-Ibarrola, R., Choi, E., Jeong, M., Gratzke, C., Miernik, A., Fischer, P., Qiu, T. Soft Phantom for the Training of Renal Calculi Diagnostics and Lithotripsy 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), July 2019 (conference)

[BibTex]

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A Magnetic Actuation System for the Active Microrheology in Soft Biomaterials

Jeong, M., Choi, E., Li., D., Palagi, S., Fischer, P., Qiu, T.

4th IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS), July 2019 (conference)

Abstract
Microrheology is a key technique to characterize soft materials at small scales. The microprobe is wirelessly actuated and therefore typically only low forces or torques can be applied, which limits the range of the applied strain. Here, we report a new magnetic actuation system for microrheology consisting of an array of rotating permanent magnets, which achieves a rotating magnetic field with a spatially homogeneous high field strength of ~100 mT in a working volume of ~20×20×20 mm3. Compared to a traditional electromagnetic coil system, the permanent magnet assembly is portable and does not require cooling, and it exerts a large magnetic torque on the microprobe that is an order of magnitude higher than previous setups. Experimental results demonstrate that the measurement range of the soft gels’ elasticity covers at least five orders of magnitude. With the large actuation torque, it is also possible to study the fracture mechanics of soft biomaterials at small scales.

pf

[BibTex]

pf Jeong, M., Choi, E., Li., D., Palagi, S., Fischer, P., Qiu, T. A Magnetic Actuation System for the Active Microrheology in Soft Biomaterials 4th IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS), July 2019 (conference)

[BibTex]

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Beta Power May Mediate the Effect of Gamma-TACS on Motor Performance

Mastakouri, A., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.

Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference (EMBC), July 2019 (conference) Accepted

ei

arXiv PDF [BibTex]

ei Mastakouri, A., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M. Beta Power May Mediate the Effect of Gamma-TACS on Motor Performance Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference (EMBC), July 2019 (conference) Accepted

arXiv PDF [BibTex]

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Coordinating Users of Shared Facilities via Data-driven Predictive Assistants and Game Theory

Geiger, P., Besserve, M., Winkelmann, J., Proissl, C., Schölkopf, B.

Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), pages: 49, (Editors: Amir Globerson and Ricardo Silva), AUAI Press, July 2019 (conference)

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Geiger, P., Besserve, M., Winkelmann, J., Proissl, C., Schölkopf, B. Coordinating Users of Shared Facilities via Data-driven Predictive Assistants and Game Theory Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), pages: 49, (Editors: Amir Globerson and Ricardo Silva), AUAI Press, July 2019 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Event-triggered Pulse Control with Model Learning (if Necessary)

Baumann, D., Solowjow, F., Johansson, K. H., Trimpe, S.

In Proceedings of the American Control Conference, pages: 792-797, American Control Conference (ACC), July 2019 (inproceedings)

ics

arXiv PDF [BibTex]

ics Baumann, D., Solowjow, F., Johansson, K. H., Trimpe, S. Event-triggered Pulse Control with Model Learning (if Necessary) In Proceedings of the American Control Conference, pages: 792-797, American Control Conference (ACC), July 2019 (inproceedings)

arXiv PDF [BibTex]

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The Sensitivity of Counterfactual Fairness to Unmeasured Confounding

Kilbertus, N., Ball, P. J., Kusner, M. J., Weller, A., Silva, R.

Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), pages: 213, (Editors: Amir Globerson and Ricardo Silva), AUAI Press, July 2019 (conference)

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Kilbertus, N., Ball, P. J., Kusner, M. J., Weller, A., Silva, R. The Sensitivity of Counterfactual Fairness to Unmeasured Confounding Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), pages: 213, (Editors: Amir Globerson and Ricardo Silva), AUAI Press, July 2019 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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The Incomplete Rosetta Stone problem: Identifiability results for Multi-view Nonlinear ICA

Gresele*, L., Rubenstein*, P. K., Mehrjou, A., Locatello, F., Schölkopf, B.

Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), pages: 53, (Editors: Amir Globerson and Ricardo Silva), AUAI Press, July 2019, *equal contribution (conference)

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Gresele*, L., Rubenstein*, P. K., Mehrjou, A., Locatello, F., Schölkopf, B. The Incomplete Rosetta Stone problem: Identifiability results for Multi-view Nonlinear ICA Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), pages: 53, (Editors: Amir Globerson and Ricardo Silva), AUAI Press, July 2019, *equal contribution (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Random Sum-Product Networks: A Simple and Effective Approach to Probabilistic Deep Learning

Peharz, R., Vergari, A., Stelzner, K., Molina, A., Shao, X., Trapp, M., Kersting, K., Ghahramani, Z.

Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), pages: 124, (Editors: Amir Globerson and Ricardo Silva), AUAI Press, July 2019 (conference)

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Peharz, R., Vergari, A., Stelzner, K., Molina, A., Shao, X., Trapp, M., Kersting, K., Ghahramani, Z. Random Sum-Product Networks: A Simple and Effective Approach to Probabilistic Deep Learning Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), pages: 124, (Editors: Amir Globerson and Ricardo Silva), AUAI Press, July 2019 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Kernel Mean Matching for Content Addressability of GANs

Jitkrittum*, W., Sangkloy*, P., Gondal, M. W., Raj, A., Hays, J., Schölkopf, B.

Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 3140-3151, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019, *equal contribution (conference)

ei

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

ei Jitkrittum*, W., Sangkloy*, P., Gondal, M. W., Raj, A., Hays, J., Schölkopf, B. Kernel Mean Matching for Content Addressability of GANs Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 3140-3151, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019, *equal contribution (conference)

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

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Challenging Common Assumptions in the Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representations

Locatello, F., Bauer, S., Lucic, M., Raetsch, G., Gelly, S., Schölkopf, B., Bachem, O.

Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 4114-4124, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (conference)

ei

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

ei Locatello, F., Bauer, S., Lucic, M., Raetsch, G., Gelly, S., Schölkopf, B., Bachem, O. Challenging Common Assumptions in the Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representations Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 4114-4124, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (conference)

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

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Data-driven inference of passivity properties via Gaussian process optimization

Romer, A., Trimpe, S., Allgöwer, F.

In Proceedings of the European Control Conference, European Control Conference (ECC), June 2019 (inproceedings)

ics

PDF [BibTex]

ics Romer, A., Trimpe, S., Allgöwer, F. Data-driven inference of passivity properties via Gaussian process optimization In Proceedings of the European Control Conference, European Control Conference (ECC), June 2019 (inproceedings)

PDF [BibTex]

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Actively Learning Gaussian Process Dynamics

Buisson-Fenet, M., Solowjow, F., Trimpe, S.

2019 (techreport) Submitted

Abstract
Despite the availability of ever more data enabled through modern sensor and computer technology, it still remains an open problem to learn dynamical systems in a sample-efficient way. We propose active learning strategies that leverage information-theoretical properties arising naturally during Gaussian process regression, while respecting constraints on the sampling process imposed by the system dynamics. Sample points are selected in regions with high uncertainty, leading to exploratory behavior and data-efficient training of the model. All results are verified in an extensive numerical benchmark.

ics

ArXiv [BibTex]

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Local Temporal Bilinear Pooling for Fine-grained Action Parsing

Zhang, Y., Tang, S., Muandet, K., Jarvers, C., Neumann, H.

In Proceedings IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2019, June 2019 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Fine-grained temporal action parsing is important in many applications, such as daily activity understanding, human motion analysis, surgical robotics and others requiring subtle and precise operations in a long-term period. In this paper we propose a novel bilinear pooling operation, which is used in intermediate layers of a temporal convolutional encoder-decoder net. In contrast to other work, our proposed bilinear pooling is learnable and hence can capture more complex local statistics than the conventional counterpart. In addition, we introduce exact lower-dimension representations of our bilinear forms, so that the dimensionality is reduced with neither information loss nor extra computation. We perform intensive experiments to quantitatively analyze our model and show the superior performances to other state-of-the-art work on various datasets.

ei ps

Code video demo pdf link (url) [BibTex]

ei ps Zhang, Y., Tang, S., Muandet, K., Jarvers, C., Neumann, H. Local Temporal Bilinear Pooling for Fine-grained Action Parsing In Proceedings IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2019, June 2019 (inproceedings)

Code video demo pdf link (url) [BibTex]

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Generate Semantically Similar Images with Kernel Mean Matching

Jitkrittum*, W., Sangkloy*, P., Gondal, M. W., Raj, A., Hays, J., Schölkopf, B.

6th Workshop Women in Computer Vision (WiCV) (oral presentation), June 2019, *equal contribution (conference) Accepted

ei

[BibTex]

ei Jitkrittum*, W., Sangkloy*, P., Gondal, M. W., Raj, A., Hays, J., Schölkopf, B. Generate Semantically Similar Images with Kernel Mean Matching 6th Workshop Women in Computer Vision (WiCV) (oral presentation), June 2019, *equal contribution (conference) Accepted

[BibTex]

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Projections for Approximate Policy Iteration Algorithms

Akrour, R., Pajarinen, J., Peters, J., Neumann, G.

Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 181-190, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (conference)

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Akrour, R., Pajarinen, J., Peters, J., Neumann, G. Projections for Approximate Policy Iteration Algorithms Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 181-190, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Trajectory-Based Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning

Doerr, A., Volpp, M., Toussaint, M., Trimpe, S., Daniel, C.

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), June 2019 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Policy gradient methods are powerful reinforcement learning algorithms and have been demonstrated to solve many complex tasks. However, these methods are also data-inefficient, afflicted with high variance gradient estimates, and frequently get stuck in local optima. This work addresses these weaknesses by combining recent improvements in the reuse of off-policy data and exploration in parameter space with deterministic behavioral policies. The resulting objective is amenable to standard neural network optimization strategies like stochastic gradient descent or stochastic gradient Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. Incorporation of previous rollouts via importance sampling greatly improves data-efficiency, whilst stochastic optimization schemes facilitate the escape from local optima. We evaluate the proposed approach on a series of continuous control benchmark tasks. The results show that the proposed algorithm is able to successfully and reliably learn solutions using fewer system interactions than standard policy gradient methods.

ics

arXiv PDF [BibTex]

ics Doerr, A., Volpp, M., Toussaint, M., Trimpe, S., Daniel, C. Trajectory-Based Off-Policy Deep Reinforcement Learning In Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), June 2019 (inproceedings)

arXiv PDF [BibTex]

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Switching Linear Dynamics for Variational Bayes Filtering

Becker-Ehmck, P., Peters, J., van der Smagt, P.

Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 553-562, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (conference)

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Becker-Ehmck, P., Peters, J., van der Smagt, P. Switching Linear Dynamics for Variational Bayes Filtering Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 553-562, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Robustly Disentangled Causal Mechanisms: Validating Deep Representations for Interventional Robustness

Suter, R., Miladinovic, D., Schölkopf, B., Bauer, S.

Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 6056-6065, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (conference)

ei

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

ei Suter, R., Miladinovic, D., Schölkopf, B., Bauer, S. Robustly Disentangled Causal Mechanisms: Validating Deep Representations for Interventional Robustness Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 6056-6065, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (conference)

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

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Resource-aware IoT Control: Saving Communication through Predictive Triggering

Trimpe, S., Baumann, D.

IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(3):5013-5028, June 2019 (article)

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) interconnects multiple physical devices in large-scale networks. When the 'things' coordinate decisions and act collectively on shared information, feedback is introduced between them. Multiple feedback loops are thus closed over a shared, general-purpose network. Traditional feedback control is unsuitable for design of IoT control because it relies on high-rate periodic communication and is ignorant of the shared network resource. Therefore, recent event-based estimation methods are applied herein for resource-aware IoT control allowing agents to decide online whether communication with other agents is needed, or not. While this can reduce network traffic significantly, a severe limitation of typical event-based approaches is the need for instantaneous triggering decisions that leave no time to reallocate freed resources (e.g., communication slots), which hence remain unused. To address this problem, novel predictive and self triggering protocols are proposed herein. From a unified Bayesian decision framework, two schemes are developed: self triggers that predict, at the current triggering instant, the next one; and predictive triggers that check at every time step, whether communication will be needed at a given prediction horizon. The suitability of these triggers for feedback control is demonstrated in hardware experiments on a cart-pole, and scalability is discussed with a multi-vehicle simulation.

ics

PDF arXiv DOI [BibTex]

ics Trimpe, S., Baumann, D. Resource-aware IoT Control: Saving Communication through Predictive Triggering IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(3):5013-5028, June 2019 (article)

PDF arXiv DOI [BibTex]

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First-Order Adversarial Vulnerability of Neural Networks and Input Dimension

Simon-Gabriel, C., Ollivier, Y., Bottou, L., Schölkopf, B., Lopez-Paz, D.

Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 5809-5817, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (conference)

ei

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

ei Simon-Gabriel, C., Ollivier, Y., Bottou, L., Schölkopf, B., Lopez-Paz, D. First-Order Adversarial Vulnerability of Neural Networks and Input Dimension Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 5809-5817, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (conference)

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

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Overcoming Mean-Field Approximations in Recurrent Gaussian Process Models

Ialongo, A. D., Van Der Wilk, M., Hensman, J., Rasmussen, C. E.

In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 2931-2940, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (inproceedings)

ei

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

ei Ialongo, A. D., Van Der Wilk, M., Hensman, J., Rasmussen, C. E. Overcoming Mean-Field Approximations in Recurrent Gaussian Process Models In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 97, pages: 2931-2940, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Chaudhuri, Kamalika and Salakhutdinov, Ruslan), PMLR, June 2019 (inproceedings)

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

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Meta learning variational inference for prediction

Gordon, J., Bronskill, J., Bauer, M., Nowozin, S., Turner, R.

7th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), May 2019 (conference)

ei

arXiv link (url) [BibTex]

ei Gordon, J., Bronskill, J., Bauer, M., Nowozin, S., Turner, R. Meta learning variational inference for prediction 7th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), May 2019 (conference)

arXiv link (url) [BibTex]

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Deep Lagrangian Networks: Using Physics as Model Prior for Deep Learning

Lutter, M., Ritter, C., Peters, J.

7th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), May 2019 (conference)

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Lutter, M., Ritter, C., Peters, J. Deep Lagrangian Networks: Using Physics as Model Prior for Deep Learning 7th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), May 2019 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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DeepOBS: A Deep Learning Optimizer Benchmark Suite

Schneider, F., Balles, L., Hennig, P.

7th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), May 2019 (conference)

ei pn

link (url) [BibTex]

ei pn Schneider, F., Balles, L., Hennig, P. DeepOBS: A Deep Learning Optimizer Benchmark Suite 7th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), May 2019 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Disentangled State Space Models: Unsupervised Learning of Dynamics across Heterogeneous Environments

Miladinović*, D., Gondal*, M. W., Schölkopf, B., Buhmann, J. M., Bauer, S.

Deep Generative Models for Highly Structured Data Workshop at ICLR, May 2019, *equal contribution (conference)

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Miladinović*, D., Gondal*, M. W., Schölkopf, B., Buhmann, J. M., Bauer, S. Disentangled State Space Models: Unsupervised Learning of Dynamics across Heterogeneous Environments Deep Generative Models for Highly Structured Data Workshop at ICLR, May 2019, *equal contribution (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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SOM-VAE: Interpretable Discrete Representation Learning on Time Series

Fortuin, V., Hüser, M., Locatello, F., Strathmann, H., Rätsch, G.

7th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), May 2019 (conference)

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Fortuin, V., Hüser, M., Locatello, F., Strathmann, H., Rätsch, G. SOM-VAE: Interpretable Discrete Representation Learning on Time Series 7th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), May 2019 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Resampled Priors for Variational Autoencoders

Bauer, M., Mnih, A.

22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, April 2019 (conference) Accepted

ei

arXiv [BibTex]

ei Bauer, M., Mnih, A. Resampled Priors for Variational Autoencoders 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, April 2019 (conference) Accepted

arXiv [BibTex]

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Semi-Generative Modelling: Covariate-Shift Adaptation with Cause and Effect Features

von Kügelgen, J., Mey, A., Loog, M.

Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 89, pages: 1361-1369, (Editors: Kamalika Chaudhuri and Masashi Sugiyama), PMLR, April 2019 (conference)

ei

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

ei von Kügelgen, J., Mey, A., Loog, M. Semi-Generative Modelling: Covariate-Shift Adaptation with Cause and Effect Features Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 89, pages: 1361-1369, (Editors: Kamalika Chaudhuri and Masashi Sugiyama), PMLR, April 2019 (conference)

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

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Feedback Control Goes Wireless: Guaranteed Stability over Low-power Multi-hop Networks

(Best Paper Award)

Mager, F., Baumann, D., Jacob, R., Thiele, L., Trimpe, S., Zimmerling, M.

In Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, pages: 97-108, 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, April 2019 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Closing feedback loops fast and over long distances is key to emerging applications; for example, robot motion control and swarm coordination require update intervals below 100 ms. Low-power wireless is preferred for its flexibility, low cost, and small form factor, especially if the devices support multi-hop communication. Thus far, however, closed-loop control over multi-hop low-power wireless has only been demonstrated for update intervals on the order of multiple seconds. This paper presents a wireless embedded system that tames imperfections impairing control performance such as jitter or packet loss, and a control design that exploits the essential properties of this system to provably guarantee closed-loop stability for linear dynamic systems. Using experiments on a testbed with multiple cart-pole systems, we are the first to demonstrate the feasibility and to assess the performance of closed-loop control and coordination over multi-hop low-power wireless for update intervals from 20 ms to 50 ms.

ics

arXiv PDF DOI Project Page [BibTex]

ics Mager, F., Baumann, D., Jacob, R., Thiele, L., Trimpe, S., Zimmerling, M. Feedback Control Goes Wireless: Guaranteed Stability over Low-power Multi-hop Networks In Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, pages: 97-108, 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, April 2019 (inproceedings)

arXiv PDF DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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Sobolev Descent

Mroueh, Y., Sercu, T., Raj, A.

Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 89, pages: 2976-2985, (Editors: Kamalika Chaudhuri and Masashi Sugiyama), PMLR, April 2019 (conference)

ei

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

ei Mroueh, Y., Sercu, T., Raj, A. Sobolev Descent Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 89, pages: 2976-2985, (Editors: Kamalika Chaudhuri and Masashi Sugiyama), PMLR, April 2019 (conference)

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

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Demo Abstract: Fast Feedback Control and Coordination with Mode Changes for Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems

(Best Demo Award)

Mager, F., Baumann, D., Jacob, R., Thiele, L., Trimpe, S., Zimmerling, M.

Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IEEE Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), pages: 340-341, 18th ACM/IEEE Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), April 2019 (poster)

ics

arXiv PDF DOI [BibTex]

ics Mager, F., Baumann, D., Jacob, R., Thiele, L., Trimpe, S., Zimmerling, M. Demo Abstract: Fast Feedback Control and Coordination with Mode Changes for Wireless Cyber-Physical Systems Proceedings of the 18th ACM/IEEE Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), pages: 340-341, 18th ACM/IEEE Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), April 2019 (poster)

arXiv PDF DOI [BibTex]

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Fast and Robust Shortest Paths on Manifolds Learned from Data

Arvanitidis, G., Hauberg, S., Hennig, P., Schober, M.

Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 89, pages: 1506-1515, (Editors: Kamalika Chaudhuri and Masashi Sugiyama), PMLR, April 2019 (conference)

ei pn

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

ei pn Arvanitidis, G., Hauberg, S., Hennig, P., Schober, M. Fast and Robust Shortest Paths on Manifolds Learned from Data Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 89, pages: 1506-1515, (Editors: Kamalika Chaudhuri and Masashi Sugiyama), PMLR, April 2019 (conference)

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

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Active Probabilistic Inference on Matrices for Pre-Conditioning in Stochastic Optimization

de Roos, F., Hennig, P.

Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 89, pages: 1448-1457, (Editors: Kamalika Chaudhuri and Masashi Sugiyama), PMLR, April 2019 (conference)

Abstract
Pre-conditioning is a well-known concept that can significantly improve the convergence of optimization algorithms. For noise-free problems, where good pre-conditioners are not known a priori, iterative linear algebra methods offer one way to efficiently construct them. For the stochastic optimization problems that dominate contemporary machine learning, however, this approach is not readily available. We propose an iterative algorithm inspired by classic iterative linear solvers that uses a probabilistic model to actively infer a pre-conditioner in situations where Hessian-projections can only be constructed with strong Gaussian noise. The algorithm is empirically demonstrated to efficiently construct effective pre-conditioners for stochastic gradient descent and its variants. Experiments on problems of comparably low dimensionality show improved convergence. In very high-dimensional problems, such as those encountered in deep learning, the pre-conditioner effectively becomes an automatic learning-rate adaptation scheme, which we also empirically show to work well.

pn ei

PDF link (url) [BibTex]

pn ei de Roos, F., Hennig, P. Active Probabilistic Inference on Matrices for Pre-Conditioning in Stochastic Optimization Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 89, pages: 1448-1457, (Editors: Kamalika Chaudhuri and Masashi Sugiyama), PMLR, April 2019 (conference)

PDF link (url) [BibTex]