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524 results (View BibTeX file of all listed publications)

2013

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Enhanced fabrication and characterization of gecko-inspired mushroom-tipped microfiber adhesives

Song, J., Mengüç, Y., Sitti, M.

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 27(17):1921-1932, Routledge, 2013 (article)

pi

Project Page [BibTex]

2013

pi Song, J., Mengüç, Y., Sitti, M. Enhanced fabrication and characterization of gecko-inspired mushroom-tipped microfiber adhesives Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 27(17):1921-1932, Routledge, 2013 (article)

Project Page [BibTex]

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Linear combination of one-step predictive information with an external reward in an episodic policy gradient setting: a critical analysis

Zahedi, K., Martius, G., Ay, N.

Frontiers in Psychology, 4(801), 2013 (article)

Abstract
One of the main challenges in the field of embodied artificial intelligence is the open-ended autonomous learning of complex behaviours. Our approach is to use task-independent, information-driven intrinsic motivation(s) to support task-dependent learning. The work presented here is a preliminary step in which we investigate the predictive information (the mutual information of the past and future of the sensor stream) as an intrinsic drive, ideally supporting any kind of task acquisition. Previous experiments have shown that the predictive information (PI) is a good candidate to support autonomous, open-ended learning of complex behaviours, because a maximisation of the PI corresponds to an exploration of morphology- and environment-dependent behavioural regularities. The idea is that these regularities can then be exploited in order to solve any given task. Three different experiments are presented and their results lead to the conclusion that the linear combination of the one-step PI with an external reward function is not generally recommended in an episodic policy gradient setting. Only for hard tasks a great speed-up can be achieved at the cost of an asymptotic performance lost.

al

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Switching modes in easy and hard axis magnetic reversal in a self-assembled antidot array

Haering, F., Wiedwald, U., Nothelfer, S., Koslowski, B., Ziemann, P., Lechner, L., Wallucks, A., Lebecki, K., Nowak, U., Gräfe, J., Goering, E., Schütz, G.

{Nanotechnology}, 24, IOP Pub., Bristol, UK, 2013 (article)

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DOI Project Page [BibTex]

mms Haering, F., Wiedwald, U., Nothelfer, S., Koslowski, B., Ziemann, P., Lechner, L., Wallucks, A., Lebecki, K., Nowak, U., Gräfe, J., Goering, E., Schütz, G. Switching modes in easy and hard axis magnetic reversal in a self-assembled antidot array {Nanotechnology}, 24, IOP Pub., Bristol, UK, 2013 (article)

DOI Project Page [BibTex]

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Time-resolved imaging of nonlinear magnetic domain-wall dynamics in ferromagnetic nanowires

Stein, F.-U., Bocklage, L., Weigand, M., Meier, G.

{Scientific Reports}, 3, Nature Publishing Group, London, UK, 2013 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Stein, F.-U., Bocklage, L., Weigand, M., Meier, G. Time-resolved imaging of nonlinear magnetic domain-wall dynamics in ferromagnetic nanowires {Scientific Reports}, 3, Nature Publishing Group, London, UK, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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A cryogenically flexible covalent organic framework for efficient hydrogen isotrope separation by quantum sieving

Oh, H., Kalidindi, S. B., Um, Y., Bureekaew, S., Schmid, R., Fischer, R. A., Hirscher, M.

{Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English}, 52(50):13219-13222, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, D-69451 Weinheim, 2013 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Oh, H., Kalidindi, S. B., Um, Y., Bureekaew, S., Schmid, R., Fischer, R. A., Hirscher, M. A cryogenically flexible covalent organic framework for efficient hydrogen isotrope separation by quantum sieving {Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English}, 52(50):13219-13222, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, D-69451 Weinheim, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Unexpected room-temperature ferromagnetism in bulk ZnO

Chen, Y., Goering, E., Jeurgens, L., Wang, Z., Phillipp, F., Baier, J., Tietze, T., Schütz, G.

{Applied Physics Letters}, (103), American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, 2013 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Chen, Y., Goering, E., Jeurgens, L., Wang, Z., Phillipp, F., Baier, J., Tietze, T., Schütz, G. Unexpected room-temperature ferromagnetism in bulk ZnO {Applied Physics Letters}, (103), American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Large-area hard magnetic L10-FePt and composite L10-FePt based nanopatterns

Goll, D., Bublat, T.

{Physica Status Solidi A-Applications and Materials Science}, 210(7):1261-1271, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2013 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Goll, D., Bublat, T. Large-area hard magnetic L10-FePt and composite L10-FePt based nanopatterns {Physica Status Solidi A-Applications and Materials Science}, 210(7):1261-1271, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Wave modes of collective vortex gyration in dipolar-coupled-dot-array magnonic crystals

Han, D., Vogel, A., Jung, H., Lee, K., Weigand, M., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Fischer, P., Meier, G., Kim, S.

{Scientific Reports}, 3, Nature Publishing Group, London, UK, 2013 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Han, D., Vogel, A., Jung, H., Lee, K., Weigand, M., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Fischer, P., Meier, G., Kim, S. Wave modes of collective vortex gyration in dipolar-coupled-dot-array magnonic crystals {Scientific Reports}, 3, Nature Publishing Group, London, UK, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Abstraction in Decision-Makers with Limited Information Processing Capabilities

Genewein, T, Braun, DA

pages: 1-9, NIPS Workshop Planning with Information Constraints for Control, Reinforcement Learning, Computational Neuroscience, Robotics and Games, December 2013 (conference)

Abstract
A distinctive property of human and animal intelligence is the ability to form abstractions by neglecting irrelevant information which allows to separate structure from noise. From an information theoretic point of view abstractions are desirable because they allow for very efficient information processing. In artificial systems abstractions are often implemented through computationally costly formations of groups or clusters. In this work we establish the relation between the free-energy framework for decision-making and rate-distortion theory and demonstrate how the application of rate-distortion for decision-making leads to the emergence of abstractions. We argue that abstractions are induced due to a limit in information processing capacity.

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Genewein, T, Braun, DA Abstraction in Decision-Makers with Limited Information Processing Capabilities pages: 1-9, NIPS Workshop Planning with Information Constraints for Control, Reinforcement Learning, Computational Neuroscience, Robotics and Games, December 2013 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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A Perching Mechanism for Flying Robots Using a Fibre-Based Adhesive

Daler, L., Klaptocz, A., Briod, A., Sitti, M., Floreano, D.

In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, 2013 (inproceedings)

pi

[BibTex]

pi Daler, L., Klaptocz, A., Briod, A., Sitti, M., Floreano, D. A Perching Mechanism for Flying Robots Using a Fibre-Based Adhesive In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, 2013 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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Micro-scale mobile robotics

Diller, E., Sitti, M.

Foundations and Trends in Robotics, 2(3):143-259, Now Publishers Incorporated, 2013 (article)

pi

[BibTex]

pi Diller, E., Sitti, M. Micro-scale mobile robotics Foundations and Trends in Robotics, 2(3):143-259, Now Publishers Incorporated, 2013 (article)

[BibTex]

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Survey and Introduction to the Focused Section on Bio-Inspired Mechatronics

Sitti, M., Menciassi, A., Ijspeert, A., Low, K. H., Kim, S.

Mechatronics, IEEE/ASME Transactions on, 18(2):409-418, DOI: 10.1109/TMECH.2012. 2233492, 2013 (article)

pi

[BibTex]

pi Sitti, M., Menciassi, A., Ijspeert, A., Low, K. H., Kim, S. Survey and Introduction to the Focused Section on Bio-Inspired Mechatronics Mechatronics, IEEE/ASME Transactions on, 18(2):409-418, DOI: 10.1109/TMECH.2012. 2233492, 2013 (article)

[BibTex]

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Bonding methods for modular micro-robotic assemblies

Diller, E., Zhang, N., Sitti, M.

In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, pages: 2588-2593, 2013 (inproceedings)

pi

[BibTex]

pi Diller, E., Zhang, N., Sitti, M. Bonding methods for modular micro-robotic assemblies In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, pages: 2588-2593, 2013 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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Robustness of guided self-organization against sensorimotor disruptions

Martius, G.

Advances in Complex Systems, 16(02n03):1350001, 2013 (article)

Abstract
Self-organizing processes are crucial for the development of living beings. Practical applications in robots may benefit from the self-organization of behavior, e.g.~to increase fault tolerance and enhance flexibility, provided that external goals can also be achieved. We present results on the guidance of self-organizing control by visual target stimuli and show a remarkable robustness to sensorimotor disruptions. In a proof of concept study an autonomous wheeled robot is learning an object finding and ball-pushing task from scratch within a few minutes in continuous domains. The robustness is demonstrated by the rapid recovery of the performance after severe changes of the sensor configuration.

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DOI [BibTex]

al Martius, G. Robustness of guided self-organization against sensorimotor disruptions Advances in Complex Systems, 16(02n03):1350001, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Controlled Reduction with Unactuated Cyclic Variables: Application to 3D Bipedal Walking with Passive Yaw Rotation

Gregg, R., Righetti, L.

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 58(10):2679-2685, October 2013 (article)

Abstract
This technical note shows that viscous damping can shape momentum conservation laws in a manner that stabilizes yaw rotation and enables steering for underactuated 3D walking. We first show that unactuated cyclic variables can be controlled by passively shaped conservation laws given a stabilizing controller in the actuated coordinates. We then exploit this result to realize controlled geometric reduction with multiple unactuated cyclic variables. We apply this underactuated control strategy to a five-link 3D biped to produce exponentially stable straight-ahead walking and steering in the presence of passive yawing.

mg

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

mg Gregg, R., Righetti, L. Controlled Reduction with Unactuated Cyclic Variables: Application to 3D Bipedal Walking with Passive Yaw Rotation IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 58(10):2679-2685, October 2013 (article)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Learning Task Error Models for Manipulation

Pastor, P., Kalakrishnan, M., Binney, J., Kelly, J., Righetti, L., Sukhatme, G. S., Schaal, S.

In 2013 IEEE Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2013 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Precise kinematic forward models are important for robots to successfully perform dexterous grasping and manipulation tasks, especially when visual servoing is rendered infeasible due to occlusions. A lot of research has been conducted to estimate geometric and non-geometric parameters of kinematic chains to minimize reconstruction errors. However, kinematic chains can include non-linearities, e.g. due to cable stretch and motor-side encoders, that result in significantly different errors for different parts of the state space. Previous work either does not consider such non-linearities or proposes to estimate non-geometric parameters of carefully engineered models that are robot specific. We propose a data-driven approach that learns task error models that account for such unmodeled non-linearities. We argue that in the context of grasping and manipulation, it is sufficient to achieve high accuracy in the task relevant state space. We identify this relevant state space using previously executed joint configurations and learn error corrections for those. Therefore, our system is developed to generate subsequent executions that are similar to previous ones. The experiments show that our method successfully captures the non-linearities in the head kinematic chain (due to a counterbalancing spring) and the arm kinematic chains (due to cable stretch) of the considered experimental platform, see Fig. 1. The feasibility of the presented error learning approach has also been evaluated in independent DARPA ARM-S testing contributing to successfully complete 67 out of 72 grasping and manipulation tasks.

am mg

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

am mg Pastor, P., Kalakrishnan, M., Binney, J., Kelly, J., Righetti, L., Sukhatme, G. S., Schaal, S. Learning Task Error Models for Manipulation In 2013 IEEE Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2013 (inproceedings)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Bounded Rational Decision-Making in Changing Environments

Grau-Moya, J, Braun, DA

pages: 1-9, NIPS Workshop Planning with Information Constraints for Control, Reinforcement Learning, Computational Neuroscience, Robotics and Games, December 2013 (conference)

Abstract
A perfectly rational decision-maker chooses the best action with the highest utility gain from a set of possible actions. The optimality principles that describe such decision processes do not take into account the computational costs of finding the optimal action. Bounded rational decision-making addresses this problem by specifically trading off information-processing costs and expected utility. Interestingly, a similar trade-off between energy and entropy arises when describing changes in thermodynamic systems. This similarity has been recently used to describe bounded rational agents. Crucially, this framework assumes that the environment does not change while the decision-maker is computing the optimal policy. When this requirement is not fulfilled, the decision-maker will suffer inefficiencies in utility, that arise because the current policy is optimal for an environment in the past. Here we borrow concepts from non-equilibrium thermodynamics to quantify these inefficiencies and illustrate with simulations its relationship with computational resources.

ei

link (url) [BibTex]

ei Grau-Moya, J, Braun, DA Bounded Rational Decision-Making in Changing Environments pages: 1-9, NIPS Workshop Planning with Information Constraints for Control, Reinforcement Learning, Computational Neuroscience, Robotics and Games, December 2013 (conference)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Ferromagnetism of zinc oxide nanograined films

Straumal, B. B., Protasova, S. G., Mazilkin, A. A., Schütz, G., Goering, E., Baretzky, B., Straumal, P. B.

{Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters}, 97(6):367-377, Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2013 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Straumal, B. B., Protasova, S. G., Mazilkin, A. A., Schütz, G., Goering, E., Baretzky, B., Straumal, P. B. Ferromagnetism of zinc oxide nanograined films {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters}, 97(6):367-377, Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Hydrogen adsorption properties of platinum decorated hierarchically structured templated carbons

Oh, H., Gennett, T., Atanassov, P., Kurttepeli, M., Bals, S., Hurst, K. E., Hirscher, M.

{Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, pages: 66-74, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Oh, H., Gennett, T., Atanassov, P., Kurttepeli, M., Bals, S., Hurst, K. E., Hirscher, M. Hydrogen adsorption properties of platinum decorated hierarchically structured templated carbons {Microporous and Mesoporous Materials}, pages: 66-74, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Extended s-d models for the dynamics of noncollinear magnetization: Short review of two different approaches

Fähnle, M., Zhang, S.

{Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 326, pages: 232-234, NH, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Fähnle, M., Zhang, S. Extended s-d models for the dynamics of noncollinear magnetization: Short review of two different approaches {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 326, pages: 232-234, NH, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Correlation between spin structure oscillations and domain wall velocities

Bisig, A., Stärk, M., Mawass, M., Moutafis, C., Rhensius, J., Heidler, J., Büttner, F., Noske, M., Weigand, M., Eisebitt, S., Tyliszczak, T., Van Wayenberge, B., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Kläui, M.

{Nature Communications}, 4, Nature Publishing Group, London, 2013 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Bisig, A., Stärk, M., Mawass, M., Moutafis, C., Rhensius, J., Heidler, J., Büttner, F., Noske, M., Weigand, M., Eisebitt, S., Tyliszczak, T., Van Wayenberge, B., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Kläui, M. Correlation between spin structure oscillations and domain wall velocities {Nature Communications}, 4, Nature Publishing Group, London, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Recent advances in use of atomic layer deposition and focused ion beams for fabrication of Fresnel zone plates for hard x-rays

Keskinbora, K., Robisch, A., Mayer, M., Grévent, C., Szeghalmi, A. V., Knez, M., Weigand, M., Snigireva, I., Snigirev, A., Salditt, T., Schütz, G.

{Proceedings of SPIE (The International Society for Optical Engineering)}, 8851, 2013 (article)

mms

DOI [BibTex]

mms Keskinbora, K., Robisch, A., Mayer, M., Grévent, C., Szeghalmi, A. V., Knez, M., Weigand, M., Snigireva, I., Snigirev, A., Salditt, T., Schütz, G. Recent advances in use of atomic layer deposition and focused ion beams for fabrication of Fresnel zone plates for hard x-rays {Proceedings of SPIE (The International Society for Optical Engineering)}, 8851, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Magnetic states in low-pinning high-anisotropy material nanostructures suitable for dynamic imaging

Büttner, F., Moutafis, C., Bisig, A., Wohlhüter, P., Günther, C. M., Mohanty, J., Geilhufe, J., Schneider, M., v. Korff Schmising, C., Schaffert, S., Pfau, B., Hantschmann, M., Riemeier, M., Emmel, M., Finizio, S., Jakob, G., Weigand, M., Rhensius, J., Franken, J. H., Lavrijsen, R., Swagten, H. J. M., Stoll, H., Eisebitt, S., Kläui, M.

{Physical Review B}, 87, Published by the American Physical Society through the American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, NY, 2013 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Büttner, F., Moutafis, C., Bisig, A., Wohlhüter, P., Günther, C. M., Mohanty, J., Geilhufe, J., Schneider, M., v. Korff Schmising, C., Schaffert, S., Pfau, B., Hantschmann, M., Riemeier, M., Emmel, M., Finizio, S., Jakob, G., Weigand, M., Rhensius, J., Franken, J. H., Lavrijsen, R., Swagten, H. J. M., Stoll, H., Eisebitt, S., Kläui, M. Magnetic states in low-pinning high-anisotropy material nanostructures suitable for dynamic imaging {Physical Review B}, 87, Published by the American Physical Society through the American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, NY, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Experimental and theoretical study of D2/H2 quantum sieving in a carbon molecular sieve

Gotzias, A., Charalambopoulou, G., Ampoumogli, A., Krkljus, I., Hirscher, M., Steriotis, T.

{Adsorption}, 19(2-4):373-379, Springer Science+Business Media, New York, 2013 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Gotzias, A., Charalambopoulou, G., Ampoumogli, A., Krkljus, I., Hirscher, M., Steriotis, T. Experimental and theoretical study of D2/H2 quantum sieving in a carbon molecular sieve {Adsorption}, 19(2-4):373-379, Springer Science+Business Media, New York, 2013 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Non-parametric hand pose estimation with object context

Romero, J., Kjellström, H., Ek, C. H., Kragic, D.

Image and Vision Computing , 31(8):555 - 564, 2013 (article)

Abstract
In the spirit of recent work on contextual recognition and estimation, we present a method for estimating the pose of human hands, employing information about the shape of the object in the hand. Despite the fact that most applications of human hand tracking involve grasping and manipulation of objects, the majority of methods in the literature assume a free hand, isolated from the surrounding environment. Occlusion of the hand from grasped objects does in fact often pose a severe challenge to the estimation of hand pose. In the presented method, object occlusion is not only compensated for, it contributes to the pose estimation in a contextual fashion; this without an explicit model of object shape. Our hand tracking method is non-parametric, performing a nearest neighbor search in a large database (.. entries) of hand poses with and without grasped objects. The system that operates in real time, is robust to self occlusions, object occlusions and segmentation errors, and provides full hand pose reconstruction from monocular video. Temporal consistency in hand pose is taken into account, without explicitly tracking the hand in the high-dim pose space. Experiments show the non-parametric method to outperform other state of the art regression methods, while operating at a significantly lower computational cost than comparable model-based hand tracking methods.

ps

Publisher site pdf link (url) [BibTex]

ps Romero, J., Kjellström, H., Ek, C. H., Kragic, D. Non-parametric hand pose estimation with object context Image and Vision Computing , 31(8):555 - 564, 2013 (article)

Publisher site pdf link (url) [BibTex]

2000

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Reciprocal excitation between biological and robotic research

Schaal, S., Sternad, D., Dean, W., Kotoska, S., Osu, R., Kawato, M.

In Sensor Fusion and Decentralized Control in Robotic Systems III, Proceedings of SPIE, 4196, pages: 30-40, Boston, MA, Nov.5-8, 2000, November 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract
While biological principles have inspired researchers in computational and engineering research for a long time, there is still rather limited knowledge flow back from computational to biological domains. This paper presents examples of our work where research on anthropomorphic robots lead us to new insights into explaining biological movement phenomena, starting from behavioral studies up to brain imaging studies. Our research over the past years has focused on principles of trajectory formation with nonlinear dynamical systems, on learning internal models for nonlinear control, and on advanced topics like imitation learning. The formal and empirical analyses of the kinematics and dynamics of movements systems and the tasks that they need to perform lead us to suggest principles of motor control that later on we found surprisingly related to human behavior and even brain activity.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

2000

am Schaal, S., Sternad, D., Dean, W., Kotoska, S., Osu, R., Kawato, M. Reciprocal excitation between biological and robotic research In Sensor Fusion and Decentralized Control in Robotic Systems III, Proceedings of SPIE, 4196, pages: 30-40, Boston, MA, Nov.5-8, 2000, November 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Nonlinear dynamical systems as movement primitives

Schaal, S., Kotosaka, S., Sternad, D.

In Humanoids2000, First IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, CD-Proceedings, Cambridge, MA, September 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract
This paper explores the idea to create complex human-like movements from movement primitives based on nonlinear attractor dynamics. Each degree-of-freedom of a limb is assumed to have two independent abilities to create movement, one through a discrete dynamic system, and one through a rhythmic system. The discrete system creates point-to-point movements based on internal or external target specifications. The rhythmic system can add an additional oscillatory movement relative to the current position of the discrete system. In the present study, we develop appropriate dynamic systems that can realize the above model, motivate the particular choice of the systems from a biological and engineering point of view, and present simulation results of the performance of such movement primitives. The model was implemented for a drumming task on a humanoid robot

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Schaal, S., Kotosaka, S., Sternad, D. Nonlinear dynamical systems as movement primitives In Humanoids2000, First IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, CD-Proceedings, Cambridge, MA, September 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Real Time Learning in Humanoids: A challenge for scalability of Online Algorithms

Vijayakumar, S., Schaal, S.

In Humanoids2000, First IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, CD-Proceedings, Cambridge, MA, September 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract
While recent research in neural networks and statistical learning has focused mostly on learning from finite data sets without stringent constraints on computational efficiency, there is an increasing number of learning problems that require real-time performance from an essentially infinite stream of incrementally arriving data. This paper demonstrates how even high-dimensional learning problems of this kind can successfully be dealt with by techniques from nonparametric regression and locally weighted learning. As an example, we describe the application of one of the most advanced of such algorithms, Locally Weighted Projection Regression (LWPR), to the on-line learning of the inverse dynamics model of an actual seven degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic robot arm. LWPR's linear computational complexity in the number of input dimensions, its inherent mechanisms of local dimensionality reduction, and its sound learning rule based on incremental stochastic leave-one-out cross validation allows -- to our knowledge for the first time -- implementing inverse dynamics learning for such a complex robot with real-time performance. In our sample task, the robot acquires the local inverse dynamics model needed to trace a figure-8 in only 60 seconds of training.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Vijayakumar, S., Schaal, S. Real Time Learning in Humanoids: A challenge for scalability of Online Algorithms In Humanoids2000, First IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, CD-Proceedings, Cambridge, MA, September 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Synchronized robot drumming by neural oscillator

Kotosaka, S., Schaal, S.

In The International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines, Montreal, Canada, August 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract
Sensory-motor integration is one of the key issues in robotics. In this paper, we propose an approach to rhythmic arm movement control that is synchronized with an external signal based on exploiting a simple neural oscillator network. Trajectory generation by the neural oscillator is a biologically inspired method that can allow us to generate a smooth and continuous trajectory. The parameter tuning of the oscillators is used to generate a synchronized movement with wide intervals. We adopted the method for the drumming task as an example task. By using this method, the robot can realize synchronized drumming with wide drumming intervals in real time. The paper also shows the experimental results of drumming by a humanoid robot.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Kotosaka, S., Schaal, S. Synchronized robot drumming by neural oscillator In The International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines, Montreal, Canada, August 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Choosing nu in support vector regression with different noise models — theory and experiments

Chalimourda, A., Schölkopf, B., Smola, A.

In Proceedings of the IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2000, Neural Computing: New Challenges and Perspectives for the New Millennium, IEEE, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2000 (inproceedings)

ei

[BibTex]

ei Chalimourda, A., Schölkopf, B., Smola, A. Choosing nu in support vector regression with different noise models — theory and experiments In Proceedings of the IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2000, Neural Computing: New Challenges and Perspectives for the New Millennium, IEEE, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2000 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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Phenomenological damping in optical response tensors

Buckingham, A., Fischer, P.

PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 61(3), 2000 (article)

Abstract
Although perturbation theory applied to the optical response of a molecule or material system is only strictly valid far from resonances, it is often applied to ``near-resonance{''} conditions by means of complex energies incorporating damping. Inconsistent signs of the damping in optical response tensors have appeared in the recent literature, as have errors in the treatment of the perturbation by a static held. The ``equal-sign{''} convention used in a recent publication yields an unphysical material response, and Koroteev's intimation that linear electro-optical circular dichroism may exist in an optically active liquid under resonance conditions is also flawed. We show that the isotropic part of the Pockels tensor vanishes.

pf

DOI [BibTex]

pf Buckingham, A., Fischer, P. Phenomenological damping in optical response tensors PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 61(3), 2000 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Ab initio investigation of the sum-frequency hyperpolarizability of small chiral molecules

Champagne, B., Fischer, P., Buckingham, A.

CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 331(1):83-88, 2000 (article)

Abstract
Using a sum-over-states procedure based on configuration interaction singles /6-311++G{*}{*}, we have computed the sum-frequency hyperpolarizability beta (ijk)(-3 omega; 2 omega, omega) Of two small chiral molecules, R-monofluoro-oxirane and R-(+)-propylene oxide. Excitation energies were scaled to fit experimental UV-absorption data and checked with ab initio values from time-dependent density functional theory. The isotropic part of the computed hyperpolarizabilities, beta(-3 omega; 2 omega, omega), is much smaller than that reported previously from sum-frequency generation experiments on aqueous solutions of arabinose. Comparison is made with a single-centre chiral model. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

pf

DOI [BibTex]

pf Champagne, B., Fischer, P., Buckingham, A. Ab initio investigation of the sum-frequency hyperpolarizability of small chiral molecules CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 331(1):83-88, 2000 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Three-wave mixing in chiral liquids

Fischer, P., Wiersma, D., Righini, R., Champagne, B., Buckingham, A.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 85(20):4253-4256, 2000 (article)

Abstract
Second-order nonlinear optical frequency conversion in isotropic systems is only dipole allowed for sum- and difference-frequency generation in chiral media. We develop a single-center chiral model of the three-wave mixing (sum:frequency generation) nonlinearity and estimate its magnitude. We also report results from ab initio calculations and from three- and four-wave mixing experiments in support of the theoretical estimates. We show that the second-order susceptibility in chiral liquids is much smaller than previously thought.

pf

DOI [BibTex]

pf Fischer, P., Wiersma, D., Righini, R., Champagne, B., Buckingham, A. Three-wave mixing in chiral liquids PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 85(20):4253-4256, 2000 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Two-dimensional fine particle positioning under an optical microscope using a piezoresistive cantilever as a manipulator

Sitti, M., Hashimoto, H.

journal of Micromechatronics, 1(1):25-48, Brill, 2000 (article)

pi

[BibTex]

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A brachiating robot controller

Nakanishi, J., Fukuda, T., Koditschek, D. E.

IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 16(2):109-123, 2000, clmc (article)

Abstract
We report on our empirical studies of a new controller for a two-link brachiating robot. Motivated by the pendulum-like motion of an apeâ??s brachiation, we encode this task as the output of a â??target dynamical system.â? Numerical simulations indicate that the resulting controller solves a number of brachiation problems that we term the â??ladder,â? â??swing-up,â? and â??ropeâ? problems. Preliminary analysis provides some explanation for this success. The proposed controller is implemented on a physical system in our laboratory. The robot achieves behaviors including â??swing locomotionâ? and â??swing upâ? and is capable of continuous locomotion over several rungs of a ladder. We discuss a number of formal questions whose answers will be required to gain a full understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of this approach.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Nakanishi, J., Fukuda, T., Koditschek, D. E. A brachiating robot controller IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 16(2):109-123, 2000, clmc (article)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Real-time robot learning with locally weighted statistical learning

Schaal, S., Atkeson, C. G., Vijayakumar, S.

In International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA2000), San Francisco, April 2000, 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract
Locally weighted learning (LWL) is a class of statistical learning techniques that provides useful representations and training algorithms for learning about complex phenomena during autonomous adaptive control of robotic systems. This paper introduces several LWL algorithms that have been tested successfully in real-time learning of complex robot tasks. We discuss two major classes of LWL, memory-based LWL and purely incremental LWL that does not need to remember any data explicitly. In contrast to the traditional beliefs that LWL methods cannot work well in high-dimensional spaces, we provide new algorithms that have been tested in up to 50 dimensional learning problems. The applicability of our LWL algorithms is demonstrated in various robot learning examples, including the learning of devil-sticking, pole-balancing of a humanoid robot arm, and inverse-dynamics learning for a seven degree-of-freedom robot.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Schaal, S., Atkeson, C. G., Vijayakumar, S. Real-time robot learning with locally weighted statistical learning In International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA2000), San Francisco, April 2000, 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Anisotropic flux pinning in thin YBCO-films by substrate modifications

Leonhardt, S., Warthmann, R., Albrecht, J., Jooss, C., Kronmüller, H., Haage, T., Zegenhagen, J., Habermeier, H.-U.

{Physica C}, 332, pages: 214-218, 2000 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Leonhardt, S., Warthmann, R., Albrecht, J., Jooss, C., Kronmüller, H., Haage, T., Zegenhagen, J., Habermeier, H.-U. Anisotropic flux pinning in thin YBCO-films by substrate modifications {Physica C}, 332, pages: 214-218, 2000 (article)

[BibTex]

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A review of the magnetic relaxation and its application to the study of atomic defects in α-iron and its diuluted alloys

Blythe, H. J., Kronmüller, H., Seeger, A., Walz, F.

{Physica Status Solidi (A)}, 181, pages: 233-345, 2000 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Blythe, H. J., Kronmüller, H., Seeger, A., Walz, F. A review of the magnetic relaxation and its application to the study of atomic defects in α-iron and its diuluted alloys {Physica Status Solidi (A)}, 181, pages: 233-345, 2000 (article)

[BibTex]

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Magnetic properties of Sm2Co17-xGax (x \textequals 0-7) compounds

Liang, B., Kleinschroth, I., Shen, B. G., Kronmüller, H.

{Journal of Applied Physics}, 87, pages: 5314-5316, 2000 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Liang, B., Kleinschroth, I., Shen, B. G., Kronmüller, H. Magnetic properties of Sm2Co17-xGax (x \textequals 0-7) compounds {Journal of Applied Physics}, 87, pages: 5314-5316, 2000 (article)

[BibTex]

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Computational micromagnetism of magnetic structures and magnetization processes in small particles

Kronmüller, H., Hertel, R.

{Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 215-216, pages: 11-17, 2000 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Kronmüller, H., Hertel, R. Computational micromagnetism of magnetic structures and magnetization processes in small particles {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 215-216, pages: 11-17, 2000 (article)

[BibTex]

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Interface-structure studies by atomic-resolution electron microscopy, order-disorder phenomena, and atomic diffusion in gas-phase-synthesized nanocrystalline solids

Schaefer, H.-E., Reimann, K., Straub, W., Phillipp, F., Tanimoto, H., Brossmann, U., Würschum, R.

{Materials Science and Engineering A}, 286, pages: 24-33, 2000 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Schaefer, H.-E., Reimann, K., Straub, W., Phillipp, F., Tanimoto, H., Brossmann, U., Würschum, R. Interface-structure studies by atomic-resolution electron microscopy, order-disorder phenomena, and atomic diffusion in gas-phase-synthesized nanocrystalline solids {Materials Science and Engineering A}, 286, pages: 24-33, 2000 (article)

[BibTex]

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High-performance nanocrystalline PrFeB-based bonded permanent magnets

Goll, D., Kleinschroth, I., Kronmüller, H.

In Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Rare-Earth Magnets and Their Applications, pages: 641-650, Japan Institute of Metals, 2000 (inproceedings)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Goll, D., Kleinschroth, I., Kronmüller, H. High-performance nanocrystalline PrFeB-based bonded permanent magnets In Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Rare-Earth Magnets and Their Applications, pages: 641-650, Japan Institute of Metals, 2000 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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High-performance permanent magnets

Goll, D., Kronmüller, H.

{Naturwissenschaften}, 87, pages: 423-438, 2000 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Goll, D., Kronmüller, H. High-performance permanent magnets {Naturwissenschaften}, 87, pages: 423-438, 2000 (article)

[BibTex]

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Nonlinear magnetoelastic coupling coefficients from simultaneous measurements of magnetostrictive stress and anisotropy in epitaxial magnetic films

Fähnle, M., Komelj, M.

{Journal of Applied Physics}, 88, pages: 2781-2786, 2000 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

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Reconstruction of the Mo(100) surface: a tight-binding study

Haas, H., Wang, C. Z., Ho, K. M., Fähnle, M., Elsässer, C.

{Surface Science}, 457, pages: L397-L403, 2000 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Haas, H., Wang, C. Z., Ho, K. M., Fähnle, M., Elsässer, C. Reconstruction of the Mo(100) surface: a tight-binding study {Surface Science}, 457, pages: L397-L403, 2000 (article)

[BibTex]

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The strain-softening phenomenon of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn single quasicrystals

Brunner, D., Plachke, D., Carstanjen, H. D.

{Materials Science and Engineering A}, 294-296, pages: 773-776, 2000 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Brunner, D., Plachke, D., Carstanjen, H. D. The strain-softening phenomenon of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn single quasicrystals {Materials Science and Engineering A}, 294-296, pages: 773-776, 2000 (article)

[BibTex]

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Corrosion behaviour of the protective and decorative TiN coatings on large area steel strips

Vershinin, N., Filonov, K., Straumal, B., Gust, W., Wiener, I., Rabkin, E., Kazakevich, A.

{Surface and Coatings Technology}, 125, pages: 229-232, 2000 (article)

mms

[BibTex]

mms Vershinin, N., Filonov, K., Straumal, B., Gust, W., Wiener, I., Rabkin, E., Kazakevich, A. Corrosion behaviour of the protective and decorative TiN coatings on large area steel strips {Surface and Coatings Technology}, 125, pages: 229-232, 2000 (article)

[BibTex]

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Investigation of Virtual Reality Interface for AFM-based Nano Manipulation

Horiguchi, S., Sitti, M., Hashimoto, H.

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems, 120(12):1948-1956, The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, 2000 (article)

pi

[BibTex]

pi Horiguchi, S., Sitti, M., Hashimoto, H. Investigation of Virtual Reality Interface for AFM-based Nano Manipulation IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems, 120(12):1948-1956, The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, 2000 (article)

[BibTex]

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Fast learning of biomimetic oculomotor control with nonparametric regression networks

Shibata, T., Schaal, S.

In International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA2000), pages: 3847-3854, San Francisco, April 2000, 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract
Accurate oculomotor control is one of the essential pre-requisites of successful visuomotor coordination. Given the variable nonlinearities of the geometry of binocular vision as well as the possible nonlinearities of the oculomotor plant, it is desirable to accomplish accurate oculomotor control through learning approaches. In this paper, we investigate learning control for a biomimetic active vision system mounted on a humanoid robot. By combining a biologically inspired cerebellar learning scheme with a state-of-the-art statistical learning network, our robot system is able to acquire high performance visual stabilization reflexes after about 40 seconds of learning despite significant nonlinearities and processing delays in the system.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Shibata, T., Schaal, S. Fast learning of biomimetic oculomotor control with nonparametric regression networks In International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA2000), pages: 3847-3854, San Francisco, April 2000, 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Interaction of rhythmic and discrete pattern generators in single joint movements

Sternad, D., Dean, W. J., Schaal, S.

Human Movement Science, 19(4):627-665, 2000, clmc (article)

Abstract
The study investigates a single-joint movement task that combines a translatory and cyclic component with the objective to investigate the interaction of discrete and rhythmic movement elements. Participants performed an elbow movement in the horizontal plane, oscillating at a prescribed frequency around one target and shifting to a second target upon a trigger signal, without stopping the oscillation. Analyses focused on extracting the mutual influences of the rhythmic and the discrete component of the task. Major findings are: (1) The onset of the discrete movement was confined to a limited phase window in the rhythmic cycle. (2) Its duration was influenced by the period of oscillation. (3) The rhythmic oscillation was "perturbed" by the discrete movement as indicated by phase resetting. On the basis of these results we propose a model for the coordination of discrete and rhythmic actions (K. Matsuoka, Sustained oscillations generated by mutually inhibiting neurons with adaptations, Biological Cybernetics 52 (1985) 367-376; Mechanisms of frequency and pattern control in the neural rhythm generators, Biological Cybernetics 56 (1987) 345-353). For rhythmic movements an oscillatory pattern generator is developed following models of half-center oscillations (D. Bullock, S. Grossberg, The VITE model: a neural command circuit for generating arm and articulated trajectories, in: J.A.S. Kelso, A.J. Mandel, M. F. Shlesinger (Eds.), Dynamic Patterns in Complex Systems. World Scientific. Singapore. 1988. pp. 305-326). For discrete movements a point attractor dynamics is developed close to the VITE model For each joint degree of freedom both pattern generators co-exist but exert mutual inhibition onto each other. The suggested modeling framework provides a unified account for both discrete and rhythmic movements on the basis of neuronal circuitry. Simulation results demonstrated that the effects observed in human performance can be replicated using the two pattern generators with a mutually inhibiting coupling.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Sternad, D., Dean, W. J., Schaal, S. Interaction of rhythmic and discrete pattern generators in single joint movements Human Movement Science, 19(4):627-665, 2000, clmc (article)

link (url) [BibTex]