Publications | Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

324 results (View BibTeX file of all listed publications)

2005

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A new methodology for robot control design

Peters, J., Mistry, M., Udwadia, F. E., Schaal, S.

In The 5th ASME International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics, and Control (MSNDC 2005), Long Beach, CA, Sept. 24-28, 2005, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

Gauss principle of least constraint and its generalizations have provided a useful insights for the development of tracking controllers for mechanical systems (Udwadia,2003). Using this concept, we present a novel methodology for the design of a specific class of robot controllers. With our new framework, we demonstrate that well-known and also several novel nonlinear robot control laws can be derived from this generic framework, and show experimental verifications on a Sarcos Master Arm robot for some of these controllers. We believe that the suggested approach unifies and simplifies the design of optimal nonlinear control laws for robots obeying rigid body dynamics equations, both with or without external constraints, holonomic or nonholonomic constraints, with over-actuation or underactuation, as well as open-chain and closed-chain kinematics.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

2005

am Peters, J., Mistry, M., Udwadia, F. E., Schaal, S. A new methodology for robot control design In The 5th ASME International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics, and Control (MSNDC 2005), Long Beach, CA, Sept. 24-28, 2005, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Geckobot and waalbot: Small-scale wall climbing robots

Unver, O., Murphy, M., Sitti, M.

In Infotech@ Aerospace, pages: 6940, 2005 (incollection)

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pi Unver, O., Murphy, M., Sitti, M. Geckobot and waalbot: Small-scale wall climbing robots In Infotech@ Aerospace, pages: 6940, 2005 (incollection)

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Fusion of biomedical microcapsule endoscope and microsystem technology

Kim, Tae Song, Kim, Byungkyu, Cho, Dongil Dan, Song, Si Young, Dario, P, Sitti, M

In Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, 2005. Digest of Technical Papers. TRANSDUCERS’05. The 13th International Conference on, 1, pages: 9-14, 2005 (inproceedings)

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pi Kim, Tae Song, Kim, Byungkyu, Cho, Dongil Dan, Song, Si Young, Dario, P, Sitti, M Fusion of biomedical microcapsule endoscope and microsystem technology In Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, 2005. Digest of Technical Papers. TRANSDUCERS’05. The 13th International Conference on, 1, pages: 9-14, 2005 (inproceedings)

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Atomic force microscope based two-dimensional assembly of micro/nanoparticles

Tafazzoli, A., Pawashe, C., Sitti, M.

In Assembly and Task Planning: From Nano to Macro Assembly and Manufacturing, 2005.(ISATP 2005). The 6th IEEE International Symposium on, pages: 230-235, 2005 (inproceedings)

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pi Tafazzoli, A., Pawashe, C., Sitti, M. Atomic force microscope based two-dimensional assembly of micro/nanoparticles In Assembly and Task Planning: From Nano to Macro Assembly and Manufacturing, 2005.(ISATP 2005). The 6th IEEE International Symposium on, pages: 230-235, 2005 (inproceedings)

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Synthesis of the nanocrystalline MgS and its interaction with hydrogen

Goo, N. H., Hirscher, M.

{Journal of Alloys and Compounds}, 404, pages: 503-506, 2005 (article)

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mms Goo, N. H., Hirscher, M. Synthesis of the nanocrystalline MgS and its interaction with hydrogen {Journal of Alloys and Compounds}, 404, pages: 503-506, 2005 (article)

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Time-scales of electronic processes in Fe3O4 - An attempt to resolve a recently accentuated controversy

Fähnle, M., Kronmüller, H., Walz, F.

{Physica B}, 369, pages: 177-180, 2005 (article)

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mms Fähnle, M., Kronmüller, H., Walz, F. Time-scales of electronic processes in Fe3O4 - An attempt to resolve a recently accentuated controversy {Physica B}, 369, pages: 177-180, 2005 (article)

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Bending of magnetic avalanches in MgB2 thin films

Albrecht, J., Matveev, A., Djupmyr, M., Schütz, G., Stuhlhofer, B., Habermeier, H.

{Applied Physics Letters}, 87, 2005 (article)

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mms Albrecht, J., Matveev, A., Djupmyr, M., Schütz, G., Stuhlhofer, B., Habermeier, H. Bending of magnetic avalanches in MgB2 thin films {Applied Physics Letters}, 87, 2005 (article)

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Magnetic pinning of flux lines in heterostructures of cuprates and manganites

Albrecht, J., Soltan, S., Habermeier, H.-U.

{Physical Review B}, 72, 2005 (article)

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mms Albrecht, J., Soltan, S., Habermeier, H.-U. Magnetic pinning of flux lines in heterostructures of cuprates and manganites {Physical Review B}, 72, 2005 (article)

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On the pair-potential modelling of alloy surfaces

Drautz, R., Fähnle, M.

{Surface Science}, 585, pages: 108-112, 2005 (article)

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mms Drautz, R., Fähnle, M. On the pair-potential modelling of alloy surfaces {Surface Science}, 585, pages: 108-112, 2005 (article)

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Crystal field parameters at the (0001) surface of rare-earth metals: an ab initio study

Welsch, F., Fähnle, M., Jensen, P. J.

{Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter}, 17, pages: 2061-2072, 2005 (article)

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mms Welsch, F., Fähnle, M., Jensen, P. J. Crystal field parameters at the (0001) surface of rare-earth metals: an ab initio study {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter}, 17, pages: 2061-2072, 2005 (article)

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Spatially resolved ferromagnetic resonance: Imaging of ferromagnetic eigenmodes

Puzic, A., Van Waeyenberge, B., Chou, K. W., Fischer, P., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Tyliszczak, T., Rott, K., Brückl, H., Reiss, G., Neudecker, I., Haug, T., Buess, M., Back, C. H.

{Journal of Applied Physics}, 97, 2005 (article)

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mms Puzic, A., Van Waeyenberge, B., Chou, K. W., Fischer, P., Stoll, H., Schütz, G., Tyliszczak, T., Rott, K., Brückl, H., Reiss, G., Neudecker, I., Haug, T., Buess, M., Back, C. H. Spatially resolved ferromagnetic resonance: Imaging of ferromagnetic eigenmodes {Journal of Applied Physics}, 97, 2005 (article)

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Defects distribution of Pr2Fe14B hard magnetic magnet from amorphous to nanostructures characterized by positron annihilation spectroscopy

Wu, Y. C., Sprengel, W., Reimann, K., Reichle, K. J., Goll, D., Würschum, R., Schaefer, H. E.

In PRICM 5. Proceedings of the Fifth Pacific RIM International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, 475-479, pages: 2123-2126, Materials Science Forum, Trans Tech, Beijing, China, 2005 (inproceedings)

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mms Wu, Y. C., Sprengel, W., Reimann, K., Reichle, K. J., Goll, D., Würschum, R., Schaefer, H. E. Defects distribution of Pr2Fe14B hard magnetic magnet from amorphous to nanostructures characterized by positron annihilation spectroscopy In PRICM 5. Proceedings of the Fifth Pacific RIM International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, 475-479, pages: 2123-2126, Materials Science Forum, Trans Tech, Beijing, China, 2005 (inproceedings)

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Implementing sub-ns time resolution into magnetic X-ray microscopies

Puzic, A., Stoll, H., Fischer, P., Van Waeyenberge, B., Raabe, J., Denbeaux, G., Haug, T., Weiss, D., Schütz, G.

In T115, pages: 1029-1031, Malmö/Lund, Sweden, 2005 (inproceedings)

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mms Puzic, A., Stoll, H., Fischer, P., Van Waeyenberge, B., Raabe, J., Denbeaux, G., Haug, T., Weiss, D., Schütz, G. Implementing sub-ns time resolution into magnetic X-ray microscopies In T115, pages: 1029-1031, Malmö/Lund, Sweden, 2005 (inproceedings)

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Proton magnetic resonance spectra of YH3 and LuH3

Brady, S. K., Conradi, M. S., Majer, G., Barnes, R. G.

{Physical Review B}, 72, 2005 (article)

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mms Brady, S. K., Conradi, M. S., Majer, G., Barnes, R. G. Proton magnetic resonance spectra of YH3 and LuH3 {Physical Review B}, 72, 2005 (article)

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Hydrogen storage in spherical nanoporous carbons

Terres, E., Panella, B., Hayashi, T., Kim, Y. A., Endo, M., Dominguez, J. M., Hirscher, M., Terrones, H., Terrones, H.

{Chemical Physics Letters}, 403(4-6):363-366, 2005 (article)

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mms Terres, E., Panella, B., Hayashi, T., Kim, Y. A., Endo, M., Dominguez, J. M., Hirscher, M., Terrones, H., Terrones, H. Hydrogen storage in spherical nanoporous carbons {Chemical Physics Letters}, 403(4-6):363-366, 2005 (article)

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Faceting and migration of twin grain boundaries in zinc

Straumal, B. B., Rabkin, E., Sursaeva, V. G., Goruakova, A. S.

{Zeitschrift f\"ur Metallkunde}, 96(2):161-166, 2005 (article)

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mms Straumal, B. B., Rabkin, E., Sursaeva, V. G., Goruakova, A. S. Faceting and migration of twin grain boundaries in zinc {Zeitschrift f\"ur Metallkunde}, 96(2):161-166, 2005 (article)

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Arm movement experiments with joint space force fields using an exoskeleton robot

Mistry, M., Mohajerian, P., Schaal, S.

In IEEE Ninth International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, pages: 408-413, Chicago, Illinois, June 28-July 1, 2005, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

A new experimental platform permits us to study a novel variety of issues of human motor control, particularly full 3-D movements involving the major seven degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of the human arm. We incorporate a seven DOF robot exoskeleton, and can minimize weight and inertia through gravity, Coriolis, and inertia compensation, such that subjects' arm movements are largely unaffected by the manipulandum. Torque perturbations can be individually applied to any or all seven joints of the human arm, thus creating novel dynamic environments, or force fields, for subjects to respond and adapt to. Our first study investigates a joint space force field where the shoulder velocity drives a disturbing force in the elbow joint. Results demonstrate that subjects learn to compensate for the force field within about 100 trials, and from the strong presence of aftereffects when removing the field in some randomized catch trials, that an inverse dynamics, or internal model, of the force field is formed by the nervous system. Interestingly, while post-learning hand trajectories return to baseline, joint space trajectories remained changed in response to the field, indicating that besides learning a model of the force field, the nervous system also chose to exploit the space to minimize the effects of the force field on the realization of the endpoint trajectory plan. Further applications for our apparatus include studies in motor system redundancy resolution and inverse kinematics, as well as rehabilitation.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Mistry, M., Mohajerian, P., Schaal, S. Arm movement experiments with joint space force fields using an exoskeleton robot In IEEE Ninth International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, pages: 408-413, Chicago, Illinois, June 28-July 1, 2005, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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A unifying framework for the control of robotics systems

Peters, J., Mistry, M., Udwadia, F. E., Cory, R., Nakanishi, J., Schaal, S.

In IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2005), pages: 1824-1831, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Aug. 2-6, 2005, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

Recently, [1] suggested to derive tracking controllers for mechanical systems using a generalization of GaussÕ principle of least constraint. This method al-lows us to reformulate control problems as a special class of optimal control. We take this line of reasoning one step further and demonstrate that well-known and also several novel nonlinear robot control laws can be derived from this generic methodology. We show experimental verifications on a Sar-cos Master Arm robot for some of the the derived controllers.We believe that the suggested approach offers a promising unification and simplification of nonlinear control law design for robots obeying rigid body dynamics equa-tions, both with or without external constraints, with over-actuation or under-actuation, as well as open-chain and closed-chain kinematics.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Peters, J., Mistry, M., Udwadia, F. E., Cory, R., Nakanishi, J., Schaal, S. A unifying framework for the control of robotics systems In IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2005), pages: 1824-1831, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Aug. 2-6, 2005, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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A new endoscopic microcapsule robot using beetle inspired microfibrillar adhesives

Cheung, E., Karagozler, M. E., Park, S., Kim, B., Sitti, M.

In Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics. Proceedings, 2005 IEEE/ASME International Conference on, pages: 551-557, 2005 (inproceedings)

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Project Page [BibTex]

pi Cheung, E., Karagozler, M. E., Park, S., Kim, B., Sitti, M. A new endoscopic microcapsule robot using beetle inspired microfibrillar adhesives In Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics. Proceedings, 2005 IEEE/ASME International Conference on, pages: 551-557, 2005 (inproceedings)

Project Page [BibTex]

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Learning to Feel the Physics of a Body

Der, R., Hesse, F., Martius, G.

In Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, CIMCA 2005 , 2, pages: 252-257, Washington, DC, USA, 2005 (inproceedings)

Abstract

Despite the tremendous progress in robotic hardware and in both sensorial and computing efficiencies the performance of contemporary autonomous robots is still far below that of simple animals. This has triggered an intensive search for alternative approaches to the control of robots. The present paper exemplifies a general approach to the self-organization of behavior which has been developed and tested in various examples in recent years. We apply this approach to an underactuated snake like artifact with a complex physical behavior which is not known to the controller. Due to the weak forces available, the controller so to say has to develop a kind of feeling for the body which is seen to emerge from our approach in a natural way with meandering and rotational collective modes being observed in computer simulation experiments.

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al Der, R., Hesse, F., Martius, G. Learning to Feel the Physics of a Body In Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, CIMCA 2005 , 2, pages: 252-257, Washington, DC, USA, 2005 (inproceedings)

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Nanostructures with high surface area for hydrogen storage

Hirscher, M., Panella, B.

{Journal of Alloys and Compounds}, 404, pages: 399-401, 2005 (article)

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mms Hirscher, M., Panella, B. Nanostructures with high surface area for hydrogen storage {Journal of Alloys and Compounds}, 404, pages: 399-401, 2005 (article)

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Timescale settling and nature of electron transport in magnetite - General considerations in view of new magnetic after-effect results on dilutely Ti4+-doped Fe3O4

Walz, F., Brabers, V. A. M., Brabers, J. H. V. J., Kronmüller, H.

{Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter}, 17(42):6763-6781, 2005 (article)

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mms Walz, F., Brabers, V. A. M., Brabers, J. H. V. J., Kronmüller, H. Timescale settling and nature of electron transport in magnetite - General considerations in view of new magnetic after-effect results on dilutely Ti4+-doped Fe3O4 {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter}, 17(42):6763-6781, 2005 (article)

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Topological k-space refinement of the configurational energy of alloys

Shchyglo, O., Bugaev, V. N., Drautz, R., Udyansky, A., Reichert, H., Dosch, H.

{Physical Review B}, 72(14), 2005 (article)

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mms Shchyglo, O., Bugaev, V. N., Drautz, R., Udyansky, A., Reichert, H., Dosch, H. Topological k-space refinement of the configurational energy of alloys {Physical Review B}, 72(14), 2005 (article)

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Large surface area nanostructures for hydrogen storage

Hirscher, M., Panella, B.

{Annales de Chimie}, 30(5):519-529, 2005 (article)

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mms Hirscher, M., Panella, B. Large surface area nanostructures for hydrogen storage {Annales de Chimie}, 30(5):519-529, 2005 (article)

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Experimental evidence of the dominant role of low-angle grain boundaries for the critical current density in epitaxially grown YBCO thin films

Brück, S., Albrecht, J.

{Physical Review B}, 71, 2005 (article)

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mms Brück, S., Albrecht, J. Experimental evidence of the dominant role of low-angle grain boundaries for the critical current density in epitaxially grown YBCO thin films {Physical Review B}, 71, 2005 (article)

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Electronic and magnetic properties of ligand-free FePt nanoparticles

Boyen, H., Fauth, K., Stahl, B., Ziemann, P., Kästle, G., Weigl, F., Banhart, F., He\ssler, M., Schütz, G., Gajbhiye, N. S., Ellrich, J., Hahn, H., Büttner, M., Garnier, M. G., Oelhafen, P.

{Advanced Materials}, 17(5):574-578, 2005 (article)

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mms Boyen, H., Fauth, K., Stahl, B., Ziemann, P., Kästle, G., Weigl, F., Banhart, F., He\ssler, M., Schütz, G., Gajbhiye, N. S., Ellrich, J., Hahn, H., Büttner, M., Garnier, M. G., Oelhafen, P. Electronic and magnetic properties of ligand-free FePt nanoparticles {Advanced Materials}, 17(5):574-578, 2005 (article)

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Identification of extrinsic Mn contributions in Ga1-xMnxAs by field-dependent magnetic circular X-ray dichroism

Rader, O., Fauth, K., Gould, C., Rüster, C., Schott, G. M., Schmidt, G., Brunner, K., Molenkamp, L. W., Schütz, G., Kronast, F., Dürr, H. A., Eberhardt, W., Gudat, W.

{Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena}, 144(Sp. issue):789-792, 2005 (article)

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mms Rader, O., Fauth, K., Gould, C., Rüster, C., Schott, G. M., Schmidt, G., Brunner, K., Molenkamp, L. W., Schütz, G., Kronast, F., Dürr, H. A., Eberhardt, W., Gudat, W. Identification of extrinsic Mn contributions in Ga1-xMnxAs by field-dependent magnetic circular X-ray dichroism {Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena}, 144(Sp. issue):789-792, 2005 (article)

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Fundamentals of interface phenomena in advanced bulk nanoscale materials

Baretzky, B., Baró, M. D., Grabovetskaya, G. P., Gubicza, J., Ivanov, M. B., Kolobov, Y. R., Langdon, T. G., Lendvai, J., Lipnitskii, A. G., Mazilkin, A. A., Nazarov, A. A., Nogués, J., Ovidko, I. A., Protasova, S. G., Raab, G. I., Révész, Á., Skiba, N. V., Sort, J., Starink, M. J., Straumal, B. B., Suriñach, S., Ungár, T., Zhilyaev, A. P.

{Reviews on Advanced Materials Science}, 9(1):45-108, 2005 (article)

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mms Baretzky, B., Baró, M. D., Grabovetskaya, G. P., Gubicza, J., Ivanov, M. B., Kolobov, Y. R., Langdon, T. G., Lendvai, J., Lipnitskii, A. G., Mazilkin, A. A., Nazarov, A. A., Nogués, J., Ovidko, I. A., Protasova, S. G., Raab, G. I., Révész, Á., Skiba, N. V., Sort, J., Starink, M. J., Straumal, B. B., Suriñach, S., Ungár, T., Zhilyaev, A. P. Fundamentals of interface phenomena in advanced bulk nanoscale materials {Reviews on Advanced Materials Science}, 9(1):45-108, 2005 (article)

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Formation of nanostructure during high-pressure torsion of Al-Zn, Al-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg alloys

Mazilkin, A. A., Kogtenkova, O. A., Straumal, B. B., Ruslan, Z, Valiev, Z., Baretzky, B.

{Defect and Diffusion Forum}, 237-240, pages: 739-744, 2005 (article)

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mms Mazilkin, A. A., Kogtenkova, O. A., Straumal, B. B., Ruslan, Z, Valiev, Z., Baretzky, B. Formation of nanostructure during high-pressure torsion of Al-Zn, Al-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg alloys {Defect and Diffusion Forum}, 237-240, pages: 739-744, 2005 (article)

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Micromagnetic simulation as a bridge between magnetic-force and magnetic-transmission X-ray microscopy

Bolte, M., Eiselt, R., Eimüller, T.

{Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 290, pages: 723-726, 2005 (article)

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mms Bolte, M., Eiselt, R., Eimüller, T. Micromagnetic simulation as a bridge between magnetic-force and magnetic-transmission X-ray microscopy {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 290, pages: 723-726, 2005 (article)

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Grain-boundary melting phase transition in the Cu-Bi system

Divinski, S., Lohmann, M., Herzig, C., Straumal, B., Baretzky, B., Gust, W.

{Physical Review B}, 71, 2005 (article)

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mms Divinski, S., Lohmann, M., Herzig, C., Straumal, B., Baretzky, B., Gust, W. Grain-boundary melting phase transition in the Cu-Bi system {Physical Review B}, 71, 2005 (article)

2000

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Reciprocal excitation between biological and robotic research

Schaal, S., Sternad, D., Dean, W., Kotoska, S., Osu, R., Kawato, M.

In Sensor Fusion and Decentralized Control in Robotic Systems III, Proceedings of SPIE, 4196, pages: 30-40, Boston, MA, Nov.5-8, 2000, November 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

While biological principles have inspired researchers in computational and engineering research for a long time, there is still rather limited knowledge flow back from computational to biological domains. This paper presents examples of our work where research on anthropomorphic robots lead us to new insights into explaining biological movement phenomena, starting from behavioral studies up to brain imaging studies. Our research over the past years has focused on principles of trajectory formation with nonlinear dynamical systems, on learning internal models for nonlinear control, and on advanced topics like imitation learning. The formal and empirical analyses of the kinematics and dynamics of movements systems and the tasks that they need to perform lead us to suggest principles of motor control that later on we found surprisingly related to human behavior and even brain activity.

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link (url) [BibTex]

2000

am Schaal, S., Sternad, D., Dean, W., Kotoska, S., Osu, R., Kawato, M. Reciprocal excitation between biological and robotic research In Sensor Fusion and Decentralized Control in Robotic Systems III, Proceedings of SPIE, 4196, pages: 30-40, Boston, MA, Nov.5-8, 2000, November 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Advances in Large Margin Classifiers

Smola, A., Bartlett, P., Schölkopf, B., Schuurmans, D.

pages: 422, Neural Information Processing, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, October 2000 (book)

Abstract

The concept of large margins is a unifying principle for the analysis of many different approaches to the classification of data from examples, including boosting, mathematical programming, neural networks, and support vector machines. The fact that it is the margin, or confidence level, of a classification--that is, a scale parameter--rather than a raw training error that matters has become a key tool for dealing with classifiers. This book shows how this idea applies to both the theoretical analysis and the design of algorithms. The book provides an overview of recent developments in large margin classifiers, examines connections with other methods (e.g., Bayesian inference), and identifies strengths and weaknesses of the method, as well as directions for future research. Among the contributors are Manfred Opper, Vladimir Vapnik, and Grace Wahba.

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ei Smola, A., Bartlett, P., Schölkopf, B., Schuurmans, D. Advances in Large Margin Classifiers pages: 422, Neural Information Processing, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, October 2000 (book)

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Nonlinear dynamical systems as movement primitives

Schaal, S., Kotosaka, S., Sternad, D.

In Humanoids2000, First IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, CD-Proceedings, Cambridge, MA, September 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

This paper explores the idea to create complex human-like movements from movement primitives based on nonlinear attractor dynamics. Each degree-of-freedom of a limb is assumed to have two independent abilities to create movement, one through a discrete dynamic system, and one through a rhythmic system. The discrete system creates point-to-point movements based on internal or external target specifications. The rhythmic system can add an additional oscillatory movement relative to the current position of the discrete system. In the present study, we develop appropriate dynamic systems that can realize the above model, motivate the particular choice of the systems from a biological and engineering point of view, and present simulation results of the performance of such movement primitives. The model was implemented for a drumming task on a humanoid robot

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link (url) [BibTex]

am Schaal, S., Kotosaka, S., Sternad, D. Nonlinear dynamical systems as movement primitives In Humanoids2000, First IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, CD-Proceedings, Cambridge, MA, September 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Real Time Learning in Humanoids: A challenge for scalability of Online Algorithms

Vijayakumar, S., Schaal, S.

In Humanoids2000, First IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, CD-Proceedings, Cambridge, MA, September 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

While recent research in neural networks and statistical learning has focused mostly on learning from finite data sets without stringent constraints on computational efficiency, there is an increasing number of learning problems that require real-time performance from an essentially infinite stream of incrementally arriving data. This paper demonstrates how even high-dimensional learning problems of this kind can successfully be dealt with by techniques from nonparametric regression and locally weighted learning. As an example, we describe the application of one of the most advanced of such algorithms, Locally Weighted Projection Regression (LWPR), to the on-line learning of the inverse dynamics model of an actual seven degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic robot arm. LWPR's linear computational complexity in the number of input dimensions, its inherent mechanisms of local dimensionality reduction, and its sound learning rule based on incremental stochastic leave-one-out cross validation allows -- to our knowledge for the first time -- implementing inverse dynamics learning for such a complex robot with real-time performance. In our sample task, the robot acquires the local inverse dynamics model needed to trace a figure-8 in only 60 seconds of training.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Vijayakumar, S., Schaal, S. Real Time Learning in Humanoids: A challenge for scalability of Online Algorithms In Humanoids2000, First IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, CD-Proceedings, Cambridge, MA, September 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Synchronized robot drumming by neural oscillator

Kotosaka, S., Schaal, S.

In The International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines, Montreal, Canada, August 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

Sensory-motor integration is one of the key issues in robotics. In this paper, we propose an approach to rhythmic arm movement control that is synchronized with an external signal based on exploiting a simple neural oscillator network. Trajectory generation by the neural oscillator is a biologically inspired method that can allow us to generate a smooth and continuous trajectory. The parameter tuning of the oscillators is used to generate a synchronized movement with wide intervals. We adopted the method for the drumming task as an example task. By using this method, the robot can realize synchronized drumming with wide drumming intervals in real time. The paper also shows the experimental results of drumming by a humanoid robot.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Kotosaka, S., Schaal, S. Synchronized robot drumming by neural oscillator In The International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines, Montreal, Canada, August 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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An Introduction to Kernel-Based Learning Algorithms

Müller, K., Mika, S., Rätsch, G., Tsuda, K., Schölkopf, B.

In Handbook of Neural Network Signal Processing, 4, (Editors: Yu Hen Hu and Jang-Neng Hwang), CRC Press, 2000 (inbook)

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ei Müller, K., Mika, S., Rätsch, G., Tsuda, K., Schölkopf, B. An Introduction to Kernel-Based Learning Algorithms In Handbook of Neural Network Signal Processing, 4, (Editors: Yu Hen Hu and Jang-Neng Hwang), CRC Press, 2000 (inbook)

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Choosing nu in support vector regression with different noise models — theory and experiments

Chalimourda, A., Schölkopf, B., Smola, A.

In Proceedings of the IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2000, Neural Computing: New Challenges and Perspectives for the New Millennium, IEEE, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2000 (inproceedings)

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ei Chalimourda, A., Schölkopf, B., Smola, A. Choosing nu in support vector regression with different noise models — theory and experiments In Proceedings of the IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2000, Neural Computing: New Challenges and Perspectives for the New Millennium, IEEE, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2000 (inproceedings)

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Phenomenological damping in optical response tensors

Buckingham, A., Fischer, P.

PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 61(3), 2000 (article)

Abstract

Although perturbation theory applied to the optical response of a molecule or material system is only strictly valid far from resonances, it is often applied to ``near-resonance{''} conditions by means of complex energies incorporating damping. Inconsistent signs of the damping in optical response tensors have appeared in the recent literature, as have errors in the treatment of the perturbation by a static held. The ``equal-sign{''} convention used in a recent publication yields an unphysical material response, and Koroteev's intimation that linear electro-optical circular dichroism may exist in an optically active liquid under resonance conditions is also flawed. We show that the isotropic part of the Pockels tensor vanishes.

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pf Buckingham, A., Fischer, P. Phenomenological damping in optical response tensors PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 61(3), 2000 (article)

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Ab initio investigation of the sum-frequency hyperpolarizability of small chiral molecules

Champagne, B., Fischer, P., Buckingham, A.

CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 331(1):83-88, 2000 (article)

Abstract

Using a sum-over-states procedure based on configuration interaction singles /6-311++G{*}{*}, we have computed the sum-frequency hyperpolarizability beta (ijk)(-3 omega; 2 omega, omega) Of two small chiral molecules, R-monofluoro-oxirane and R-(+)-propylene oxide. Excitation energies were scaled to fit experimental UV-absorption data and checked with ab initio values from time-dependent density functional theory. The isotropic part of the computed hyperpolarizabilities, beta(-3 omega; 2 omega, omega), is much smaller than that reported previously from sum-frequency generation experiments on aqueous solutions of arabinose. Comparison is made with a single-centre chiral model. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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pf Champagne, B., Fischer, P., Buckingham, A. Ab initio investigation of the sum-frequency hyperpolarizability of small chiral molecules CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 331(1):83-88, 2000 (article)

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Three-wave mixing in chiral liquids

Fischer, P., Wiersma, D., Righini, R., Champagne, B., Buckingham, A.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 85(20):4253-4256, 2000 (article)

Abstract

Second-order nonlinear optical frequency conversion in isotropic systems is only dipole allowed for sum- and difference-frequency generation in chiral media. We develop a single-center chiral model of the three-wave mixing (sum:frequency generation) nonlinearity and estimate its magnitude. We also report results from ab initio calculations and from three- and four-wave mixing experiments in support of the theoretical estimates. We show that the second-order susceptibility in chiral liquids is much smaller than previously thought.

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pf Fischer, P., Wiersma, D., Righini, R., Champagne, B., Buckingham, A. Three-wave mixing in chiral liquids PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 85(20):4253-4256, 2000 (article)

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Two-dimensional fine particle positioning under an optical microscope using a piezoresistive cantilever as a manipulator

Sitti, M., Hashimoto, H.

journal of Micromechatronics, 1(1):25-48, Brill, 2000 (article)

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pi Sitti, M., Hashimoto, H. Two-dimensional fine particle positioning under an optical microscope using a piezoresistive cantilever as a manipulator journal of Micromechatronics, 1(1):25-48, Brill, 2000 (article)

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A brachiating robot controller

Nakanishi, J., Fukuda, T., Koditschek, D. E.

IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 16(2):109-123, 2000, clmc (article)

Abstract

We report on our empirical studies of a new controller for a two-link brachiating robot. Motivated by the pendulum-like motion of an apeâ??s brachiation, we encode this task as the output of a â??target dynamical system.â? Numerical simulations indicate that the resulting controller solves a number of brachiation problems that we term the â??ladder,â? â??swing-up,â? and â??ropeâ? problems. Preliminary analysis provides some explanation for this success. The proposed controller is implemented on a physical system in our laboratory. The robot achieves behaviors including â??swing locomotionâ? and â??swing upâ? and is capable of continuous locomotion over several rungs of a ladder. We discuss a number of formal questions whose answers will be required to gain a full understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of this approach.

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link (url) [BibTex]

am Nakanishi, J., Fukuda, T., Koditschek, D. E. A brachiating robot controller IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 16(2):109-123, 2000, clmc (article)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Real-time robot learning with locally weighted statistical learning

Schaal, S., Atkeson, C. G., Vijayakumar, S.

In International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA2000), San Francisco, April 2000, 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract

Locally weighted learning (LWL) is a class of statistical learning techniques that provides useful representations and training algorithms for learning about complex phenomena during autonomous adaptive control of robotic systems. This paper introduces several LWL algorithms that have been tested successfully in real-time learning of complex robot tasks. We discuss two major classes of LWL, memory-based LWL and purely incremental LWL that does not need to remember any data explicitly. In contrast to the traditional beliefs that LWL methods cannot work well in high-dimensional spaces, we provide new algorithms that have been tested in up to 50 dimensional learning problems. The applicability of our LWL algorithms is demonstrated in various robot learning examples, including the learning of devil-sticking, pole-balancing of a humanoid robot arm, and inverse-dynamics learning for a seven degree-of-freedom robot.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Schaal, S., Atkeson, C. G., Vijayakumar, S. Real-time robot learning with locally weighted statistical learning In International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA2000), San Francisco, April 2000, 2000, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Biomimetic gaze stabilization

Shibata, T., Schaal, S.

In Robot learning: an Interdisciplinary approach, pages: 31-52, (Editors: Demiris, J.;Birk, A.), World Scientific, 2000, clmc (inbook)

Abstract

Accurate oculomotor control is one of the essential pre-requisites for successful visuomotor coordination. In this paper, we suggest a biologically inspired control system for learning gaze stabilization with a biomimetic robotic oculomotor system. In a stepwise fashion, we develop a control circuit for the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the opto-kinetic response (OKR), and add a nonlinear learning network to allow adaptivity. We discuss the parallels and differences of our system with biological oculomotor control and suggest solutions how to deal with nonlinearities and time delays in the control system. In simulation and actual robot studies, we demonstrate that our system can learn gaze stabilization in real time in only a few seconds with high final accuracy.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Shibata, T., Schaal, S. Biomimetic gaze stabilization In Robot learning: an Interdisciplinary approach, pages: 31-52, (Editors: Demiris, J.;Birk, A.), World Scientific, 2000, clmc (inbook)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Diffusion von Wasserstoff in Lavesphasen / Diffusion von Wasserstoff in heterogenen Systemen.

Herrmann, A.

Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2000 (phdthesis)

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mms Herrmann, A. Diffusion von Wasserstoff in Lavesphasen / Diffusion von Wasserstoff in heterogenen Systemen. Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2000 (phdthesis)

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Anisotropic flux pinning in thin YBCO-films by substrate modifications

Leonhardt, S., Warthmann, R., Albrecht, J., Jooss, C., Kronmüller, H., Haage, T., Zegenhagen, J., Habermeier, H.-U.

{Physica C}, 332, pages: 214-218, 2000 (article)

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mms Leonhardt, S., Warthmann, R., Albrecht, J., Jooss, C., Kronmüller, H., Haage, T., Zegenhagen, J., Habermeier, H.-U. Anisotropic flux pinning in thin YBCO-films by substrate modifications {Physica C}, 332, pages: 214-218, 2000 (article)

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A review of the magnetic relaxation and its application to the study of atomic defects in α-iron and its diuluted alloys

Blythe, H. J., Kronmüller, H., Seeger, A., Walz, F.

{Physica Status Solidi (A)}, 181, pages: 233-345, 2000 (article)

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mms Blythe, H. J., Kronmüller, H., Seeger, A., Walz, F. A review of the magnetic relaxation and its application to the study of atomic defects in α-iron and its diuluted alloys {Physica Status Solidi (A)}, 181, pages: 233-345, 2000 (article)

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Magnetic properties of Sm2Co17-xGax (x \textequals 0-7) compounds

Liang, B., Kleinschroth, I., Shen, B. G., Kronmüller, H.

{Journal of Applied Physics}, 87, pages: 5314-5316, 2000 (article)

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mms Liang, B., Kleinschroth, I., Shen, B. G., Kronmüller, H. Magnetic properties of Sm2Co17-xGax (x \textequals 0-7) compounds {Journal of Applied Physics}, 87, pages: 5314-5316, 2000 (article)

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Computational micromagnetism of magnetic structures and magnetization processes in small particles

Kronmüller, H., Hertel, R.

{Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 215-216, pages: 11-17, 2000 (article)

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mms Kronmüller, H., Hertel, R. Computational micromagnetism of magnetic structures and magnetization processes in small particles {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, 215-216, pages: 11-17, 2000 (article)

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