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940 results (View BibTeX file of all listed publications)

2011

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Under-actuated tank-like climbing robot with various transitioning capabilities

Seo, T., Sitti, M.

In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, pages: 777-782, 2011 (inproceedings)

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[BibTex]

2011

pi Seo, T., Sitti, M. Under-actuated tank-like climbing robot with various transitioning capabilities In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, pages: 777-782, 2011 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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Enhancing adhesion of biologically inspired polymer microfibers with a viscous oil coating

Cheung, E., Sitti, M.

The Journal of Adhesion, 87(6):547-557, Taylor & Francis Group, 2011 (article)

pi

Project Page [BibTex]

pi Cheung, E., Sitti, M. Enhancing adhesion of biologically inspired polymer microfibers with a viscous oil coating The Journal of Adhesion, 87(6):547-557, Taylor & Francis Group, 2011 (article)

Project Page [BibTex]

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Rotating magnetic micro-robots for versatile non-contact fluidic manipulation of micro-objects

Diller, E., Ye, Z., Sitti, M.

In Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, pages: 1291-1296, 2011 (inproceedings)

pi

Project Page [BibTex]

pi Diller, E., Ye, Z., Sitti, M. Rotating magnetic micro-robots for versatile non-contact fluidic manipulation of micro-objects In Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, pages: 1291-1296, 2011 (inproceedings)

Project Page [BibTex]

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Formation of two amorphous phases in the Ni60Nb18Y22 alloy after high pressure torsion

Straumal, B. B., Mazilkin, A. A., Protasova, S. G., Goll, D., Baretzky, B., Bakai, A. S., Dobatkin, S. V.

{Kovove Materialy-Metallic Materials}, 49(1):17-22, 2011 (article)

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link (url) [BibTex]

mms Straumal, B. B., Mazilkin, A. A., Protasova, S. G., Goll, D., Baretzky, B., Bakai, A. S., Dobatkin, S. V. Formation of two amorphous phases in the Ni60Nb18Y22 alloy after high pressure torsion {Kovove Materialy-Metallic Materials}, 49(1):17-22, 2011 (article)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Structure and properties of nanograined Fe-C alloys after severe plastic deformation

Straumal, B. B., Dobatkin, S. V., Rodin, A. O., Protasova, S. G., Mazilkin, A. A., Goll, D., Baretzky, B.

{Advanced Engineering Materials}, 13(6):463-469, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Straumal, B. B., Dobatkin, S. V., Rodin, A. O., Protasova, S. G., Mazilkin, A. A., Goll, D., Baretzky, B. Structure and properties of nanograined Fe-C alloys after severe plastic deformation {Advanced Engineering Materials}, 13(6):463-469, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Increased flux pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-δthin-film devices through embedding of Au nano crystals

Katzer, C., Schmidt, M., Michalowski, P., Kuhwald, D., Schmidl, F., Grosse, V., Treiber, S., Stahl, C., Albrecht, J., Hübner, U., Undisz, A., Rettenmayr, M., Schütz, G., Seidel, P.

{Europhysics Letters}, 95(6), 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Katzer, C., Schmidt, M., Michalowski, P., Kuhwald, D., Schmidl, F., Grosse, V., Treiber, S., Stahl, C., Albrecht, J., Hübner, U., Undisz, A., Rettenmayr, M., Schütz, G., Seidel, P. Increased flux pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-δthin-film devices through embedding of Au nano crystals {Europhysics Letters}, 95(6), 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Signal transfer in a chain of stray-field coupled ferromagnetic squares

Vogel, A., Martens, M., Weigand, M., Meier, G.

{Applied Physics Letters}, 99, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Vogel, A., Martens, M., Weigand, M., Meier, G. Signal transfer in a chain of stray-field coupled ferromagnetic squares {Applied Physics Letters}, 99, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Transmission electron microscopy investigation of boundaries between amorphous "grains" in Ni50Nb20Y30 alloy

Mazilkin, A. A., Abrosimova, G. E., Protasova, S. G., Straumal, B. B., Schütz, G., Dobatkin, S. V., Bakai, A. S.

In 46, pages: 4336-4342, Mie, Japan, 2011 (inproceedings)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Mazilkin, A. A., Abrosimova, G. E., Protasova, S. G., Straumal, B. B., Schütz, G., Dobatkin, S. V., Bakai, A. S. Transmission electron microscopy investigation of boundaries between amorphous "grains" in Ni50Nb20Y30 alloy In 46, pages: 4336-4342, Mie, Japan, 2011 (inproceedings)

DOI [BibTex]

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Electron theory of magnetoelectric effects in metallic ferromagnetic nanostructures

Subkow, S., Fähnle, M.

{Physical Review B}, 84, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Subkow, S., Fähnle, M. Electron theory of magnetoelectric effects in metallic ferromagnetic nanostructures {Physical Review B}, 84, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Magnetic antivortex-core reversal by rotating magnetic fields

Kamionka, T., Martens, M., Chou, K., Drews, A., Tyliszczak, T., Stoll, H., Van Waeyenberge, B., Meier, G.

{Physical Review B}, 83, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Kamionka, T., Martens, M., Chou, K., Drews, A., Tyliszczak, T., Stoll, H., Van Waeyenberge, B., Meier, G. Magnetic antivortex-core reversal by rotating magnetic fields {Physical Review B}, 83, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Magnetic properties of exchange-spring composite films

Kronmüller, H., Goll, D.

{Physica Status Solidi B}, 248(10):2361-2367, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Kronmüller, H., Goll, D. Magnetic properties of exchange-spring composite films {Physica Status Solidi B}, 248(10):2361-2367, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Wetting transition of grain boundaries in the Sn-rich part of the Sn-Bi phase diagram

Yeh, C.-H., Chang, L.-S., Straumal, B. B.

{Journal of Materials Science}, 46(5):1557-1562, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Yeh, C.-H., Chang, L.-S., Straumal, B. B. Wetting transition of grain boundaries in the Sn-rich part of the Sn-Bi phase diagram {Journal of Materials Science}, 46(5):1557-1562, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Online movement adaptation based on previous sensor experiences

Pastor, P., Righetti, L., Kalakrishnan, M., Schaal, S.

In 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pages: 365-371, IEEE, San Francisco, USA, sep 2011 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Personal robots can only become widespread if they are capable of safely operating among humans. In uncertain and highly dynamic environments such as human households, robots need to be able to instantly adapt their behavior to unforseen events. In this paper, we propose a general framework to achieve very contact-reactive motions for robotic grasping and manipulation. Associating stereotypical movements to particular tasks enables our system to use previous sensor experiences as a predictive model for subsequent task executions. We use dynamical systems, named Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs), to learn goal-directed behaviors from demonstration. We exploit their dynamic properties by coupling them with the measured and predicted sensor traces. This feedback loop allows for online adaptation of the movement plan. Our system can create a rich set of possible motions that account for external perturbations and perception uncertainty to generate truly robust behaviors. As an example, we present an application to grasping with the WAM robot arm.

am mg

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

am mg Pastor, P., Righetti, L., Kalakrishnan, M., Schaal, S. Online movement adaptation based on previous sensor experiences In 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pages: 365-371, IEEE, San Francisco, USA, sep 2011 (inproceedings)

link (url) DOI [BibTex]

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Learning to grasp under uncertainty

Stulp, F., Theodorou, E., Buchli, J., Schaal, S.

In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, Shanghai, China, May 9-13, 2011, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract
We present an approach that enables robots to learn motion primitives that are robust towards state estimation uncertainties. During reaching and preshaping, the robot learns to use fine manipulation strategies to maneuver the object into a pose at which closing the hand to perform the grasp is more likely to succeed. In contrast, common assumptions in grasp planning and motion planning for reaching are that these tasks can be performed independently, and that the robot has perfect knowledge of the pose of the objects in the environment. We implement our approach using Dynamic Movement Primitives and the probabilistic model-free reinforcement learning algorithm Policy Improvement with Path Integrals (PI2 ). The cost function that PI2 optimizes is a simple boolean that penalizes failed grasps. The key to acquiring robust motion primitives is to sample the actual pose of the object from a distribution that represents the state estimation uncertainty. During learning, the robot will thus optimize the chance of grasping an object from this distribution, rather than at one specific pose. In our empirical evaluation, we demonstrate how the motion primitives become more robust when grasping simple cylindrical objects, as well as more complex, non-convex objects. We also investigate how well the learned motion primitives generalize towards new object positions and other state estimation uncertainty distributions.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Stulp, F., Theodorou, E., Buchli, J., Schaal, S. Learning to grasp under uncertainty In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, Shanghai, China, May 9-13, 2011, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Instrumentation Issues of an AFM Based Nanorobotic System

Xie, H., Onal, C., Régnier, S., Sitti, M.

In Atomic Force Microscopy Based Nanorobotics, pages: 31-86, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011 (incollection)

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[BibTex]

pi Xie, H., Onal, C., Régnier, S., Sitti, M. Instrumentation Issues of an AFM Based Nanorobotic System In Atomic Force Microscopy Based Nanorobotics, pages: 31-86, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011 (incollection)

[BibTex]

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Piezoelectric polymer fiber arrays for tactile sensing applications

Sümer, B., Aksak, B., Şsahin, K., Chuengsatiansup, K., Sitti, M.

Sensor Letters, 9(2):457-463, American Scientific Publishers, 2011 (article)

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Project Page [BibTex]

pi Sümer, B., Aksak, B., Şsahin, K., Chuengsatiansup, K., Sitti, M. Piezoelectric polymer fiber arrays for tactile sensing applications Sensor Letters, 9(2):457-463, American Scientific Publishers, 2011 (article)

Project Page [BibTex]

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Assembly and disassembly of magnetic mobile micro-robots towards deterministic 2-D reconfigurable micro-systems

Pawashe, C., Diller, E., Floyd, S., Sitti, M.

In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, pages: 261-266, 2011 (inproceedings)

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[BibTex]

pi Pawashe, C., Diller, E., Floyd, S., Sitti, M. Assembly and disassembly of magnetic mobile micro-robots towards deterministic 2-D reconfigurable micro-systems In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2011 IEEE International Conference on, pages: 261-266, 2011 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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Stochastic dynamics of bacteria propelled spherical micro-robots

Arabagi, V., Behkam, B., Sitti, M.

In Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, pages: 3937-3942, 2011 (inproceedings)

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[BibTex]

pi Arabagi, V., Behkam, B., Sitti, M. Stochastic dynamics of bacteria propelled spherical micro-robots In Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, pages: 3937-3942, 2011 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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Control methodologies for a heterogeneous group of untethered magnetic micro-robots

Floyd, S., Diller, E., Pawashe, C., Sitti, M.

The International Journal of Robotics Research, 30(13):1553-1565, SAGE Publications, 2011 (article)

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[BibTex]

pi Floyd, S., Diller, E., Pawashe, C., Sitti, M. Control methodologies for a heterogeneous group of untethered magnetic micro-robots The International Journal of Robotics Research, 30(13):1553-1565, SAGE Publications, 2011 (article)

[BibTex]

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Projected Newton-type methods in machine learning

Schmidt, M., Kim, D., Sra, S.

In Optimization for Machine Learning, pages: 305-330, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2011 (incollection)

Abstract
{We consider projected Newton-type methods for solving large-scale optimization problems arising in machine learning and related fields. We first introduce an algorithmic framework for projected Newton-type methods by reviewing a canonical projected (quasi-)Newton method. This method, while conceptually pleasing, has a high computation cost per iteration. Thus, we discuss two variants that are more scalable, namely, two-metric projection and inexact projection methods. Finally, we show how to apply the Newton-type framework to handle non-smooth objectives. Examples are provided throughout the chapter to illustrate machine learning applications of our framework.}

mms

link (url) [BibTex]

mms Schmidt, M., Kim, D., Sra, S. Projected Newton-type methods in machine learning In Optimization for Machine Learning, pages: 305-330, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2011 (incollection)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Study of krypton/xenon storage and separation in microporous frameworks

Soleimani Dorcheh, A.

Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, 2011 (mastersthesis)

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[BibTex]

mms Soleimani Dorcheh, A. Study of krypton/xenon storage and separation in microporous frameworks Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, 2011 (mastersthesis)

[BibTex]

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Influence of dot size and annealing on the magnetic properties of large-area L10-FePt nanopatterns

Bublat, T., Goll, D.

{Journal of Applied Physics}, 110(7), 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

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The temperature-dependent magnetization profile across an epitaxial bilayer of ferromagnetic La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 and superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ

Brück, S., Treiber, S., Macke, S., Audehm, P., Christiani, G., Soltan, S., Habermeier, H., Goering, E., Albrecht, J.

{New Journal of Physics}, 13(3), 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Brück, S., Treiber, S., Macke, S., Audehm, P., Christiani, G., Soltan, S., Habermeier, H., Goering, E., Albrecht, J. The temperature-dependent magnetization profile across an epitaxial bilayer of ferromagnetic La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 and superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ {New Journal of Physics}, 13(3), 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Spin interactions in bcc and fcc Fe beyond the Heisenberg model

Singer, R., Dietermann, F., Fähnle, M.

{Physical Review Letters}, 107, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Singer, R., Dietermann, F., Fähnle, M. Spin interactions in bcc and fcc Fe beyond the Heisenberg model {Physical Review Letters}, 107, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Route to a family of robust, non-interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks with pto-like topology

Klein, N., Senkovska, I., Baburin, I. A., Grünker, R., Stoeck, U., Schlichtenmayer, M., Streppel, B., Mueller, U., Leoni, S., Hirscher, M., Kaskel, S.

{Chemistry - A European Journal}, 17(46):13007-13016, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Klein, N., Senkovska, I., Baburin, I. A., Grünker, R., Stoeck, U., Schlichtenmayer, M., Streppel, B., Mueller, U., Leoni, S., Hirscher, M., Kaskel, S. Route to a family of robust, non-interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks with pto-like topology {Chemistry - A European Journal}, 17(46):13007-13016, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Initial stages of growth of iron on silicon for spin injection through Schottky barrier

Dash, S. P., Carstanjen, H. D.

{Physica Status Solidi B}, 248(10):2300-2304, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Dash, S. P., Carstanjen, H. D. Initial stages of growth of iron on silicon for spin injection through Schottky barrier {Physica Status Solidi B}, 248(10):2300-2304, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Fe3O4/ZnO: A high-quality magnetic oxide-semiconductor heterostructure by reactive deposition

Paul, M., Kufer, D., Müller, A., Brück, S., Goering, E., Kamp, M., Verbeeck, J., Tian, H., Van Tendeloo, G., Ingle, N. J. C., Sing, M., Claessen, R.

{Applied Physics Letters}, 98, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Paul, M., Kufer, D., Müller, A., Brück, S., Goering, E., Kamp, M., Verbeeck, J., Tian, H., Van Tendeloo, G., Ingle, N. J. C., Sing, M., Claessen, R. Fe3O4/ZnO: A high-quality magnetic oxide-semiconductor heterostructure by reactive deposition {Applied Physics Letters}, 98, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Influence of texture on the ferromagnetic properties of nanograined ZnO films

Straumal, B., Mazilkin, A., Protasova, S., Myatiev, A., Straumal, P., Goering, E., Baretzky, B.

{Physica Status Solidi B}, 248(7):1581-1586, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Straumal, B., Mazilkin, A., Protasova, S., Myatiev, A., Straumal, P., Goering, E., Baretzky, B. Influence of texture on the ferromagnetic properties of nanograined ZnO films {Physica Status Solidi B}, 248(7):1581-1586, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Control of spin configuration in half-metallic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nano-structures

Rhensius, J., Vaz, C. A. F., Bisig, A., Schweitzer, S., Heidler, J., Körner, H. S., Locatelli, A., Niño, M. A., Weigand, M., Méchin, L., Gaucher, F., Goering, E., Heyderman, L. J., Kläui, M.

{Applied Physics Letters}, 99(6), 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Rhensius, J., Vaz, C. A. F., Bisig, A., Schweitzer, S., Heidler, J., Körner, H. S., Locatelli, A., Niño, M. A., Weigand, M., Méchin, L., Gaucher, F., Goering, E., Heyderman, L. J., Kläui, M. Control of spin configuration in half-metallic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nano-structures {Applied Physics Letters}, 99(6), 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Comparison of various sol-gel derived metal oxide layers for inverted organic solar cells

Oh, H., Krantz, J., Litzov, I., Stubhan, T., Pinna, L., Brabec, C. J.

{Solar Energy Materials \& Solar Cells}, 95(8):2194-2199, 2011 (article)

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DOI [BibTex]

mms Oh, H., Krantz, J., Litzov, I., Stubhan, T., Pinna, L., Brabec, C. J. Comparison of various sol-gel derived metal oxide layers for inverted organic solar cells {Solar Energy Materials \& Solar Cells}, 95(8):2194-2199, 2011 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

1998

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Programmable pattern generators

Schaal, S., Sternad, D.

In 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Neuroscience, pages: 48-51, Research Triangle Park, NC, Oct. 24-28, October 1998, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract
This paper explores the idea to create complex human-like arm movements from movement primitives based on nonlinear attractor dynamics. Each degree-of-freedom of an arm is assumed to have two independent abilities to create movement, one through a discrete dynamic system, and one through a rhythmic system. The discrete system creates point-to-point movements based on internal or external target specifications. The rhythmic system can add an additional oscillatory movement relative to the current position of the discrete system. In the present study, we develop appropriate dynamic systems that can realize the above model, motivate the particular choice of the systems from a biological and engineering point of view, and present simulation results of the performance of such movement primitives. Implementation results on a Sarcos Dexterous Arm are discussed.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

1998

am Schaal, S., Sternad, D. Programmable pattern generators In 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Neuroscience, pages: 48-51, Research Triangle Park, NC, Oct. 24-28, October 1998, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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SVMs — a practical consequence of learning theory

Schölkopf, B.

IEEE Intelligent Systems and their Applications, 13(4):18-21, July 1998 (article)

Abstract
My first exposure to Support Vector Machines came this spring when heard Sue Dumais present impressive results on text categorization using this analysis technique. This issue's collection of essays should help familiarize our readers with this interesting new racehorse in the Machine Learning stable. Bernhard Scholkopf, in an introductory overview, points out that a particular advantage of SVMs over other learning algorithms is that it can be analyzed theoretically using concepts from computational learning theory, and at the same time can achieve good performance when applied to real problems. Examples of these real-world applications are provided by Sue Dumais, who describes the aforementioned text-categorization problem, yielding the best results to date on the Reuters collection, and Edgar Osuna, who presents strong results on application to face detection. Our fourth author, John Platt, gives us a practical guide and a new technique for implementing the algorithm efficiently.

ei

PDF Web DOI [BibTex]

ei Schölkopf, B. SVMs — a practical consequence of learning theory IEEE Intelligent Systems and their Applications, 13(4):18-21, July 1998 (article)

PDF Web DOI [BibTex]

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Prior knowledge in support vector kernels

Schölkopf, B., Simard, P., Smola, A., Vapnik, V.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10, pages: 640-646 , (Editors: M Jordan and M Kearns and S Solla ), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Eleventh Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing (NIPS), June 1998 (inproceedings)

ei

PDF Web [BibTex]

ei Schölkopf, B., Simard, P., Smola, A., Vapnik, V. Prior knowledge in support vector kernels In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10, pages: 640-646 , (Editors: M Jordan and M Kearns and S Solla ), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Eleventh Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing (NIPS), June 1998 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

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From regularization operators to support vector kernels

Smola, A., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10, pages: 343-349, (Editors: M Jordan and M Kearns and S Solla), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 11th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing (NIPS), June 1998 (inproceedings)

ei

PDF Web [BibTex]

ei Smola, A., Schölkopf, B. From regularization operators to support vector kernels In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10, pages: 343-349, (Editors: M Jordan and M Kearns and S Solla), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 11th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing (NIPS), June 1998 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

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Learning view graphs for robot navigation

Franz, M., Schölkopf, B., Mallot, H., Bülthoff, H.

Autonomous Robots, 5(1):111-125, March 1998 (article)

Abstract
We present a purely vision-based scheme for learning a topological representation of an open environment. The system represents selected places by local views of the surrounding scene, and finds traversable paths between them. The set of recorded views and their connections are combined into a graph model of the environment. To navigate between views connected in the graph, we employ a homing strategy inspired by findings of insect ethology. In robot experiments, we demonstrate that complex visual exploration and navigation tasks can thus be performed without using metric information.

ei

PDF PDF DOI [BibTex]

ei Franz, M., Schölkopf, B., Mallot, H., Bülthoff, H. Learning view graphs for robot navigation Autonomous Robots, 5(1):111-125, March 1998 (article)

PDF PDF DOI [BibTex]

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Surface second-order nonlinear optical activity

Fischer, P., Buckingham, A.

JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, 15(12):2951-2957, 1998 (article)

Abstract
Following the recent observation of a large second-harmonic intensity difference from a monolayer of chiral molecules with left and right circularly polarized light, the scattering theory is generalized and extended to predict linear and circular intensity differences for the more Versatile sum-frequency spectroscopy. Estimates indicate that intensity differences should be detectable for a typical experimental arrangement. The second-order nonlinear surface susceptibility tensor is given for different surface point groups in the electric dipole approximation; it is shown that nonlinear optical activity phenomena unambiguously probe molecular chirality only for molecular monolayers that are symmetric about the normal. Other surface symmetries can give rise to intensity differences from monolayers composed of achiral molecules. A water surface is predicted to show Linear and nonlinear optical activity in the presence of an electric field parallel to the surface. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America {[}S0740-3224(98)01311-3] OCIS codes: 190.0190, 190.4350, 240.6490.

pf

DOI [BibTex]

pf Fischer, P., Buckingham, A. Surface second-order nonlinear optical activity JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, 15(12):2951-2957, 1998 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Linear electro-optic effect in optically active liquids

Buckingham, A., Fischer, P.

CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 297(3-4):239-246, 1998 (article)

Abstract
A linear effect of an electrostatic field F on the intensity of sum- and difference-frequency generation in a chiral liquid is predicted. It arises in the electric dipole approximation. The effect changes sign with the enantiomer and on reversing the direction of the electrostatic field. The sum-frequency generator chi(alpha beta gamma)((2)) (-omega(3);omega(1),omega(2)), where omega(3) = omega(1) + omega(2), and the electric field-induced sum-frequency generator chi(alpha beta gamma delta)((3))(-omega(3);omega(1),omega(2),0)F-delta interfere and their contributions to the scattering power can be distinguished. Encouraging predictions are given for a typical experimental arrangement. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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DOI [BibTex]

pf Buckingham, A., Fischer, P. Linear electro-optic effect in optically active liquids CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 297(3-4):239-246, 1998 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Monolayers of hexadecyltrimethylammonium p-tosylate at the air-water interface. 1. Sum-frequency spectroscopy

Bell, G., Li, Z., Bain, C., Fischer, P., Duffy, D.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 102(47):9461-9472, 1998 (article)

Abstract
Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy has been used to determine the structure of monolayers of the cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium p-tosylate (C(16)TA(+)Ts(-)), at the surface of water. Selective deuteration of the cation or the anion allowed the separate detection of sum-frequency spectra of the surfactant and of counterions that are bound to the monolayer. The p-tosylate ions an oriented with their methyl groups pointing away from the aqueous subphase and with the C-2 axis tilted, on average, by 30-40 degrees from the surface normal. The vibrational spectra of C(16)TA(+) indicate that the number of gauche defects in the monolayer does not change dramatically when bromide counterions are replaced by p-tosylate. The ends of the hydrocarbon chains of C16TA+ are, however, tilted much further from the surface normal in the presence of p-tosylate than in the presence of bromide. A quantitative analysis of the sum-frequency spectra requires a knowledge of the molecular hyperpolarizability tensor: the role of ab initio calculations and Raman spectroscopy in determining the components of this tensor is discussed.

pf

DOI [BibTex]

pf Bell, G., Li, Z., Bain, C., Fischer, P., Duffy, D. Monolayers of hexadecyltrimethylammonium p-tosylate at the air-water interface. 1. Sum-frequency spectroscopy JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 102(47):9461-9472, 1998 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Ultraviolet resonance Raman study of drug binding in dihydrofolate reductase, gyrase, and catechol O-methyltransferase

Couling, V., Fischer, P., Klenerman, D., Huber, W.

BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 75(2):1097-1106, 1998 (article)

Abstract
This paper presents a study of the use of ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopic methods as a means of elucidating aspects of drug-protein interactions. Some of the RR vibrational bands of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan are sensitive to the microenvironment, and the use of UV excitation radiation allows selective enhancement of the spectral features of the aromatic amino acids, enabling observation specifically of their change in microenvironment upon drug binding. The three drug-protein systems investigated in this study are dihydrofolate reductase with its inhibitor trimethoprim, gyrase with novobiocin, and catechol O-methyltransferase with dinitrocatechol. It is demonstrated that UVRR spectroscopy has adequate sensitivity to be a useful means of detecting drug-protein interactions in those systems for which the electronic absorption of the aromatic amino acids changes because of hydrogen bonding and/or possible dipole-dipole and dipole-polarizability interactions with the ligand.

pf

DOI [BibTex]

pf Couling, V., Fischer, P., Klenerman, D., Huber, W. Ultraviolet resonance Raman study of drug binding in dihydrofolate reductase, gyrase, and catechol O-methyltransferase BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 75(2):1097-1106, 1998 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

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Tele-nanorobotics using an atomic force microscope as a nanorobot and sensor

Sitti, M., Hashimoto, H.

Advanced Robotics, 13(4):417-436, Taylor & Francis, 1998 (article)

pi

[BibTex]

pi Sitti, M., Hashimoto, H. Tele-nanorobotics using an atomic force microscope as a nanorobot and sensor Advanced Robotics, 13(4):417-436, Taylor & Francis, 1998 (article)

[BibTex]

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Robust local learning in high dimensional spaces

Vijayakumar, S., Schaal, S.

In 5th Joint Symposium on Neural Computation, pages: 186-193, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 1998, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract
Incremental learning of sensorimotor transformations in high dimensional spaces is one of the basic prerequisites for the success of autonomous robot devices as well as biological movement systems. So far, due to sparsity of data in high dimensional spaces, learning in such settings requires a significant amount of prior knowledge about the learning task, usually provided by a human expert. In this paper, we suggest a partial revision of this view. Based on empirical studies, we observed that, despite being globally high dimensional and sparse, data distributions from physical movement systems are locally low dimensional and dense. Under this assumption, we derive a learning algorithm, Locally Adaptive Subspace Regression, that exploits this property by combining a dynamically growing local dimensionality reduction technique as a preprocessing step with a nonparametric learning technique, locally weighted regression, that also learns the region of validity of the regression. The usefulness of the algorithm and the validity of its assumptions are illustrated for a synthetic data set, and for data of the inverse dynamics of human arm movements and an actual 7 degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic robot arm.

am

[BibTex]

am Vijayakumar, S., Schaal, S. Robust local learning in high dimensional spaces In 5th Joint Symposium on Neural Computation, pages: 186-193, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 1998, clmc (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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Nano tele-manipulation using virtual reality interface

Sitti, M., Horiguchi, S., Hashimoto, H.

In Industrial Electronics, 1998. Proceedings. ISIE’98. IEEE International Symposium on, 1, pages: 171-176, 1998 (inproceedings)

pi

[BibTex]

pi Sitti, M., Horiguchi, S., Hashimoto, H. Nano tele-manipulation using virtual reality interface In Industrial Electronics, 1998. Proceedings. ISIE’98. IEEE International Symposium on, 1, pages: 171-176, 1998 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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Local dimensionality reduction

Schaal, S., Vijayakumar, S., Atkeson, C. G.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10, pages: 633-639, (Editors: Jordan, M. I.;Kearns, M. J.;Solla, S. A.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998, clmc (inproceedings)

Abstract
If globally high dimensional data has locally only low dimensional distributions, it is advantageous to perform a local dimensionality reduction before further processing the data. In this paper we examine several techniques for local dimensionality reduction in the context of locally weighted linear regression. As possible candidates, we derive local versions of factor analysis regression, principle component regression, principle component regression on joint distributions, and partial least squares regression. After outlining the statistical bases of these methods, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate their robustness with respect to violations of their statistical assumptions. One surprising outcome is that locally weighted partial least squares regression offers the best average results, thus outperforming even factor analysis, the theoretically most appealing of our candidate techniques.

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Schaal, S., Vijayakumar, S., Atkeson, C. G. Local dimensionality reduction In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10, pages: 633-639, (Editors: Jordan, M. I.;Kearns, M. J.;Solla, S. A.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998, clmc (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

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Tele-nanorobotics using atomic force microscope

Sitti, M., Hashimoto, H.

In Intelligent Robots and Systems, 1998. Proceedings., 1998 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, 3, pages: 1739-1746, 1998 (inproceedings)

pi

[BibTex]

pi Sitti, M., Hashimoto, H. Tele-nanorobotics using atomic force microscope In Intelligent Robots and Systems, 1998. Proceedings., 1998 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, 3, pages: 1739-1746, 1998 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

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Constructive incremental learning from only local information

Schaal, S., Atkeson, C. G.

Neural Computation, 10(8):2047-2084, 1998, clmc (article)

Abstract
We introduce a constructive, incremental learning system for regression problems that models data by means of spatially localized linear models. In contrast to other approaches, the size and shape of the receptive field of each locally linear model as well as the parameters of the locally linear model itself are learned independently, i.e., without the need for competition or any other kind of communication. Independent learning is accomplished by incrementally minimizing a weighted local cross validation error. As a result, we obtain a learning system that can allocate resources as needed while dealing with the bias-variance dilemma in a principled way. The spatial localization of the linear models increases robustness towards negative interference. Our learning system can be interpreted as a nonparametric adaptive bandwidth smoother, as a mixture of experts where the experts are trained in isolation, and as a learning system which profits from combining independent expert knowledge on the same problem. This paper illustrates the potential learning capabilities of purely local learning and offers an interesting and powerful approach to learning with receptive fields. 

am

link (url) [BibTex]

am Schaal, S., Atkeson, C. G. Constructive incremental learning from only local information Neural Computation, 10(8):2047-2084, 1998, clmc (article)

link (url) [BibTex]